Industrial relation_Changes to Employment Legislation in Singapore Essay

Industrial relation_Changes to Employment Legislation in Singapore - Essay Example The trade unions are lawful and they help to resolve the conflicts between the employees and employers (Clegg, 1975, 14-25). The Singapore system is a cooperative Tripartism, wherein the union, government and the management participate. The Industrial and Employment Laws are amended as per the perspectives of the Tripartite. These laws are amended based on certain changes in the Singapore market, work forces, Labour relations and several other essential factors. 2. Reasons for the changing make up of the workforce in Singapore since the start of the 21st century The Singapore Tripartism Forum or the STF), created by NTUC (National Trades Union Congress), Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) and Ministry of Manpower (MOM), was launched on the 24th of January 2007 by Prime Minister, Mr Lee Hsien Loong. It is a forum which is designed to enhance the strength of tripartism; the tripartners being the Union, Government and the employers. The forum provides an effective framework which can help to overcome the economic challenges which are being encountered by Singapore. The economic competitiveness and ‘labour-management relation harmony’ would be benefitted by the inclusion of this framework. Objectives as per. Chuan-Jin (17 April 2012) are: Job re-creation Enhancing skills Raising retirement age, Upgrading of the workforce, Flexible wage system Promotion of the fair employment practices as per John Benson, Ying Zhu, PH. 2011. The tripartite partners are as follows: The Ministry of Manpower: As per the Ministry of Manpower (2012), this organisation aspires to develop globally competitive labour /workforce. It also aims at developing a better workplace and achieving a cohesive society. In addition, the aim is to achieve a secure and stable economic future. The National Trades Union Congress (NTUC): It is a national level confederation of trade unions in public sectors and industrial domains representing 500,000 workers. It comprises of 62 union s and 6 taxi associations, which are all affiliated. The objective of this organisation is to make the workers employable for their lifetime and to enhance the social status of these workers. As per NTUC (2010), it aims at enhancing the competitive environment and also for enhancing the health conditions of the employees. These laws apply to all ages and nationality. The Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) This federation was set up in 1980. It is a trade union of employees, which is meant to preserve industrial harmony. It is dedicated to help the employees to achieve excellence. As per the Annual Report SNEF (2009), SNEF has over 2000 members employing 54000 workers. It plays a key role in facilitating tripartite partnership. As expressed by Clegg (1975, p. 309-316), tripartism â€Å"theme is that men associate together to further their common interests and desires; their associations exert pressure on each other and on the government; the concessions which follow help to bind society together; thereafter stability is maintained by further concessions and adjustments as new associations emerge and power shifts from one group to another.† As per the publication, Changes to Employment Act (2009), Ministry of Manpower, the following factors are the base reasons for the amendment in the Employment Act:

Out of School Youths Essay Example for Free

Out of School Youths Essay Out of school youth means having a vulnerable people who have needs. Nobody can deny the hard fact that education is an extremely important factor for bringing change in the lives of individuals. It has universally been recognized as the most powerful instrument and pre-requisite for gearing up the socio-economic development of a nation. In fact, it can be said that it is a pre-condition for the overall up-lift and welfare of a nation. This is why investment in education is considered to be so vital for human resource development and the enhancement of the quality of manpower. The history of humankind, in general, and that of developed nations of the worked, in particular, is replete with the precedents, which establish the fact that a certain level of literacy in population is an essential pre-requisite for precipitating the process of development in a country. The segment of society that plays the most active part in the socio-economic development of any country/region consists of the adolescents. It is clear that the composition and characteristics of this most crucial part of population goes a long way in expediting the process of national development and influencing the policy makers and planners in their planning and decision making for the future. In this way, the adolescents act as a sort of a â€Å"pressure group† that exerts a far-reaching impact on the process of educational planning as well as on the other developmental activities of the country.

Case Study Russell Hobbs Marketing Essay

Case Study Russell Hobbs Marketing Essay Now a day in this business word everyone wants to be a global company. To expend the business in a new area this module (International marketing strategy) help us to make a clear view how to enter a new market and what criteria have to follow to be successful in international market. By following these organizations can achieve the position within a short possible time. It may be valuable for the organization and also easier for them to understand the facts what they are doing, what they need to do. So they need to develop a strategy what tell them how they can enter in a new market and what the need to change or develop to be successful in foreign market. Because of the competitive business world and economic developments organizations always try to capture the market. And they always look for a new place to do business that increase their business profit. In here I am going to examine the new market environment, market mix strategy and strategy for entering in a new market for Russell Hobbs. This module will help a lot to examine the new market environment, mix strategy and how to enter in a new market. About Russell Hobbs: Russell Hobbs ltd is a UK based private company established in 1952 by Bill Russell and Peter Hobbs. In 1952, they designed the worlds first automatic coffee percolator, the CP1.(  About us  Official Russell Hobbs website) Russell Hobbs has been tantamount with quality, style and innovation for the kitchen and home for over fifty years. The brand led the way by introducing products which offer real consumer reimbursement and technological advancements to make life in the home easier and more enjoyable.   Throughout the decades, in kettles and toasters manufacturing they took the No 1 place, and today they admitted themselves as a leading brand in this area. With this superior track record and legacy, they have since become a leading brand in  irons, food preparation and now floor care. And they extend their business in other markets, such as heating, cookware and bake ware. (http://www.russellhobbs.co.uk/about/#1) Today Russell Hobbs boasts an extraordinary product portfolio and is continuing to develop into new categories. From kettles  and toasters to cooking, cleaning and garment care, each and every product is intended with the consumer in mind to offer the decisive in performance, practicality, ease of use and style.( http://www.russellhobbs.co.uk/about/#1) The name of Russell Hobbs recognised as a leading small kitchen appliance brand in the UK by nine out of ten consumers and has won many awards and product accreditations by leading institutes and organisations. From day one the company was always in profit. It because of the understanding capability of customer needs and demand. And also the new product innovation through introducing new technology their products are always successful in the market. From last 50 years they are the leading kettle maker in Great Britain. And from the foundation of their business they always try to make product which is easy to use and more appealing to their customers. Selection of international market: Selection of foreign market is one of the basic and important factors to launch a product for any company, so the choice of mode of entering in a foreign market is another major issue by which now a days international businesses must tussle. To select an international market company have to understand the business environment of that country it will help them to be successful in foreign market. As per my interest I am going to choose Bangladesh as a foreign market and UK based company Russell Hobbs ltd. is the host country. I am going to choose Kettle one of the best product of Russell Hobbs ltd. So, to do business in Bangladesh its market environment is more feasible. To justify this comment, I am going to use an analytical process that called PESTLE analysis. It will give us a clear idea that the environment of Bangladesh is feasible or not to do business for Russell Hobbs ltd. PESTLE analysis: PESTLE ECONOMICAL SOCIOLOAGICAL TECHNOLOGICAL LEGAL POLITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL A PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding the big picture of the environment in which an organisation is operating. Specifically for understanding risks associated with market (the need for a product or service) growth or decline PESTLE analysis is useful tool, and as such the position, potential and direction for an individual business or organisation.   Political: Bangladesh is a  unitary state  and  governmental democracy. (Constitution of Bangladesh. Parliament.gov.bd. Retrieved 2010-11-28.) In here direct elections took place every five years for the  unicameral  parliament known as  Jatiya Sangsad. Aged 18 or over, can vote to choose a democracies government. The President is the head of state but mainly a ceremonial post elected by the parliament. There are two  major parties  in Bangladesh. They are the  Bangladesh Awami League  and the  Bangladesh Nationalist Party  (BNP). Student politics is particularly strong in Bangladesh, a bequest from the liberation movement period. Almost all parties have exceedingly active student wings, and student leaders have been elected to the Parliament. In the last few years has been consistently good. Bangladesh has most astutely and foresightedly chosen to set up itself as a secular democracy.( BY- Ishtiaq Ahmed, http://www.defence.pk/forums/bangladesh-defence/71487-view-political-economy-bangladesh-ishtiaq-ahmed.html) Economical: Since her independence in 1971, Bangladesh has made significant strides in her economic sector. Although the economy has improved vastly in the 1990s, in the area of foreign trade in South Asian region Bangladesh still suffers a lot. Bangladesh has made some development improving the climate for foreign investors and liberalizing the capital markets; for example, it has negotiated with foreign firms for oil and gas exploration, better countrywide supply of cooking gas, and the construction of natural gas pipelines and power stations. Progress on other economic reforms has been halting because of opposition from the system of government, public sector unions, and other vested interest groups. Bangladesh has seen a remarkable increase in  foreign direct investment. A number of  multinational corporations  and local big business houses such as  Beximco,  Square,  Akij Group,  Ispahani,  Navana Group,  Transcom Group,  Habib Group,  KDS Group,  Dragon Group  and multinationals such as  Unocal Corporation  and  Chevron, have already made a major investment, with the natural gas sector being a main concern. Fiscal Year Total Export Total Import Foreign Remittance Earnings 2007-2008 $14.11b $25.205b $8.9b 2008-2009 $15.56b $22.00b+ $9.68b 2009-2010(Set Target) $17.6b N/A $10.87b Bangladeshs textile industry, which includes knitwear and ready-made garments by the side of with specialized textile products, this area is considered as the nations number one export earner, accounting for 80% of Bangladeshs exports of $15.56 billion in 2009.(Sandeep Mahajan, Bangladesh: Strategy for Sustained Growth, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network, World Bank (July 26, 2007). Web.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2010-07-03)  Bangladesh considered as 3rd in world textile exports behind Turkey, another low volume exporter, and China which exported $120.1 billion worth of textiles in 2009. The industry employs almost 3.5 million workers in this country. Till date current exports have doubled since 2004. The economy of Bangladesh is constituted by that of a developing country. ( Population Division dourboyz.com. 2010. Retrieved, 03-12-03-2010.) Its per in 2008 was est. US$1,500 (adjusted by purchasing power parity). Bangladesh ranked as the 48th largest economy in the world in 2009, (According to the International Monetary Fund) with a gross domestic product of US$256 billion. Over the past few years the economy has grown at the rate of 6.7% p.a. Sociological: Bangladesh is the most densely populated no island nation in the world. With approximately 125 million inhabitants living in an area of 55,813 square miles, there are about 2,240 persons per square mile. The majority of the population (98 percent) is Bengali, with 2 percent belonging to tribal or other non-Bengali groups. Approximately 83 percent of the population is Muslim, 16 percent is Hindu, and 1 percent is Buddhist, Christian, or other. Annual population growth rate is at about 2 percent. (http://www.everyculture.com/A-Bo/Bangladesh.html) Bangladesh has a number of excellent universities in its largest urban areas that offer both undergraduate through post-graduate degrees. The most prominent universities, most of which are state supported, include: Dhaka University, Rajshahi University, Chittagong University, Jahngirnagar University, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, and Bangladesh Agricultural University. Now days in Bangladesh there are a number of good private universities that provides world class education as well. Technology: The need for faster technological development is gradually more felt in Bangladesh. Development plans of Bangladesh have emphasized science and technological research to develop technologies through espousal of imported technology as well as development of aboriginal technologies. As the country is heavily dependent on imported technologies, proper planning is required for its effective transfer through acquisition, absorption and adoption.   Government has been formulated and adopted new science and technology policy. It has laid down the directions for S and T activities and research, institutional and manpower development, dissemination and documentation facilities.   Legal: LEGAL SYSTEM III.C.1. Common Law System The legal system of Bangladesh is based on a common law system. On the other hand, unlike other common law jurisdictions, Bangladeshs Supreme Court has the power to not only construe laws made by the Parliament but to also declare them null and void and enforce fundamental rights of the citizens. Although founded on the English common law system, the laws of Bangladesh take a statutory form which are enacted by the legislature and interpreted by the higher courts. The govt. regulations or the legal condition of Bangladesh is also not a big obstacle at starting new business or to launch new product. But in terms of introducing new consumer product, a company must obtain the approval of BSTI (Bangladesh Standard Testing Institute). So to launch a product the company must obtain BSTI approval. FOREIGN INVESTMENT INCENTIVES IV.A. General Incentives for Foreign Investment The government has been keen in promoting foreign investment and continues in its efforts to attract such investment as a means of alleviating the economy. In addition, the government has liberalised the industrial and investment policies in recent years by reducing interfering control over private investment. Investment Incentives: Tax Exemptions: Generally 5 to 7 years. However, for power generation exemption is allowed for 15 years. Duty: No import duty for export oriented industry. For other industry it is at 5% ad valorem. Tax Law: Double taxation can be avoided in case of foreign investors on the basis of bilateral agreements. Exemption of income tax up to 3 years for the expatriate employees in industries specified in the relevant schedule of Income Tax ordinance. Remittance: Facilities for full repatriation of invested capital, profit and dividend. Exit: An investor can wind up an investment either through a decision of the AGM or EGM. Once a foreign investor completes the formalities to exit the country, he or she can repatriate the sales proceeds after securing proper authorization from the central bank. Ownership: Foreign investors can set up ventures which are either wholly owned or in collaboration with a local partner. (www.lexmundi.com/images/lexmundi/PDF/guide_bangla.pdf) Environment: Environment of Bangladesh is more feasible. Though, Bangladesh is a central point of reference for the inequality of climate change. Its per capita energy utilization is the equal of about 1 litre of oil per week, causative a small fraction of 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions, yet the country is listed in various risk assessments as  one of the most susceptible in the world to the effects of climate change. Rising sea levels intimidate inundation and salty interference in the southern coastal area, the risk accentuated by prediction of larger cyclone intensity. In a climate pincer movement from the north, melting Himalayan glaciers may disrupt the flows of the three great rivers, first with excess flooding and ultimately with diminished volume. Unreliable monsoon patterns and longer periods of deficiency in the north complete the roll call of climate predictions for Bangladesh. (http://uk.oneworld.net/guides/bangladesh/climate-change?gclid=CIaE58-6xqYCFQ8f4QodOTBuIA) Marketing Mix Marketing Mix  is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to follow its marketing objectives. Marketing mix has a classification for these marketing tools. These marketing are classified and called as the Four Ps: Product Price Place Promotion The most fundamental marketing tool is product which includes product design, quality, features, branding, and packaging. An essential marketing tool is price which determines the amount of money that customers pay for the product. It also includes discounts, allowances, credit terms and payment period. Place is another important marketing mix tool. And it includes a range of activities that the company undertakes to make the product easy to get to and available to the customer. Some factors that choose the place are transport facilities, channels of distribution, coverage area, etc. Promotion is the last marketing mix tool which includes all the activities that the company undertakes to converse and promote their product to target market. Promotion includes sales promotion, advertising, sales force, public relations, direct marketing, etc. (http://www.scribd.com/doc/8719148/Pepsi-Marketing-Mix) Product In marketing, a product is everything that can be presented to a market that might assure a want or need of customers. There is of two types of product, Tangible (physical) and Intangible (non-physical). Since services have been at the front position of all modern marketing strategies, some intangibility has become important part of marketing offers. All products offered in a market can be placed between Tangible (Pure Product) and Intangible (Pure Service) range. Russell Hobbs product: Russell Hobbs introduces a lot of quality products to their customer. And because of the quality and new technology uses on their product these are most successful being the time those introduced. It is a multinational company and it is not limited to one product. Through the years they have invented and introduced many products than their main Kettle product. They are offering a range of household products like Kettles, Toasters, Irons, Coffee maker, Food preparation, Cooking Baking, Floor care, Cookware etc. Price In economics and business, the price is the assigned numerical pecuniary value of a good, service or asset. To develop a marketing plan price is one of the essential variables in the marketing mix model. Pricing is a big part of the marketing mix. Choosing the right price and the right pricing strategy is decisive to the marketing process. The price of the product is not always fixed. On the other hand the price of the product depends on lots of other factors. Some times the price of the product has got nothing to do with the real product itself. The price may proceed as a way to catch the attention of target customers. Russell Hobbs price: It was a company that ruling the markets before others entered. Previously the price of its product was cost based. It was decided on the cost which was exhausted on making the product plus the profit and other expenses. But after the appearance of other companies it started with a pricing strategy based on the basis of competition. Nowadays additional expenses are spent on advertising products of the company relatively than on manufacturing. Place Place is a term that has a diversity of meanings in a lexicon sense, but which is principally used in a geographic sense as a noun to denote location, though in a sense of a location identified with that which is located there. In marketing, place refers to one of the 4 Ps, defined as the marketplace. It can mean a geographic location, an industry, a group of people (a segment) to whom a company wants to sell its products or services, like a young professional women (for selling cosmetics) or middle-aged family men (for selling family cars). Promotion Promotion is one of the four aspects of marketing. Promotion comprises has four subcategories: Advertising Personal selling Sales promotion Publicity and public relations The arrangement of these four variables creates a promotional mix or promotional plan. A promotional mix specifies how much awareness to pay to each of the four subcategories, and how much money to budget for each. A promotional plan can have a large range of objectives, including- sales increases, new product reception, creation of brand equity, positioning, competitive retaliations, or creation of a corporate image. Foreign market entry strategy for Russell Hobbs: To enter any foreign market there are some strategy that should be follow to be successful. After doing the market analysing by using pestle analysis and doing marketing mix strategy I have come to know the market and what will need to capture a new market. Now I am trying to evaluate a market entry strategy for Russell Hobbs to enter Bangladesh Market. My approach to develop a market-entry strategy follows a proven and structured process, based on extensive industry experience and in-depth understanding of all aspects that feed into a commercial launch. To enter a new market they have to analysis the market first. And also have some approach like: Decrease the financial ambiguity that derives from lack of comprehensive market analysis and a structured strategic plan Make a possible business plan collaboration and financial planning Preliminary business case assumptions need to be revisited to superior communication with market conditions and chosen market position Create launch competence by delivering a structure for consequent planning of strategic launch activities, coordinating and prioritising tasks for launch team Make a contingency plan for risk management and market perception control Launch organisations face immense pressures on market entry, created by internal and external prospect. Some of these pressures can be relies by developing a clear and planned market-entry strategy and efficient functional plans. Market entry strategy Vision and Mission Objective Overall strategy Positioning Brand Target segment Strategic decisions Pricing Brand and communication Sales and distribution Products and services Customer service Launch phasing Tactical launch plan Contingency plan Products services Pricing Brand and communication Sales distribution channels Customer service Internal and external factors Conclusion: So from the above finding I am came on conclusion that for making entry in any international market we should follow the rules and enter in a market with perfect strategy, and my focused on launching my product, and I am focused on market mixed strategy and from the depth of the research which I do for my launching of the product so I find that Bangladesh is the best place for launching my product, because it is the place which fulfil all the requirements which I am looking for, This involved, marketing plan marketing strategy and a sound marketing mix decision. Having completed this, the report then concluded of what best entry strategy Russell Hobbs can undertake to successfully launch business in Bangladesh.

Essay on the African American Dream in Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon

The African American Dream in Song of Solomon      Ã‚   Like most Americans, African Americans have developed variations of the American Dream. Many African Americans find that their dream differs from the traditional American dream in that there is no immediate success. Sometimes the dream consists of equality via liberty or literacy, while at other times it is a simple desire to know self through historical connection.    In Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon, Milkman was literate and had many options for further education, if so desired. Milkman was apathetic toward education and work. In fact, he was not sure what he wanted from life. Initially, he thought the best thing for his life was to leave his family and home. In order to do so, he needed money. His father, Macon gives him the task of searching for a bag of gold in his Virginian hometown. Macon fought Pilate for a particular bag of gold as children, and Macon believes the gold remains in the original location as it was when they were young. Milkman wishes to locate the gold as means to accomplishing his goal to achieve financial independence.    While on this quest, Milkman discovers his true dream, to discover "who he really is" and his family heritage. Milkman's version of the African-American dream is one of uncovering the past, a past that has been covered and lost through slavery and post-abolition renaming. Where his grandfather and father choose to leave the past behind, Milkman chooses to retrace their steps.    Through Macon, Milkman has been fed numerous variations of history. Pilate, his aunt, continues much of the same distortion. He is unsure of history and reality. In listening to his father's story, we read of Milkman's feelings, "Deep... ...ng his dream. With no immediate success, as occurs in the traditional American dream, Milkman sought to work towards the goal with patience and determination. Once he acquired the dream or a part of that dream, he turned around and gave back to his people, family and friends, in an effort to help those around him. Milkman's story, describes the quest for the African American dream of equality, and in that, exercising his inalienable rights.    WORKS CITED De Arman, Charles. "Milkman as the Archetypal Hero." Obsidian: Black Literature in Review 6.3 (1980): 56-59. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: The Penguin Group, 1977. Peterson, Nancy J. Toni Morrison: Critical and Theoretical Approaches. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. Rice, Herbert William. Toni Morrison and the American Tradition: A Rhetorical Reading. New York: P. Lang, 1996.

Developing Managers in Business Essay

â€Å"Success in the knowledge economy comes to those who know themselves, their strengths, their values, and how they best perform† (Peter Drucker) The main aim of this report is to focus on a particular management development programme and by identifying how it works to determine whether it has been effective in developing the manager for its business. The report looks at how certain management development programmes have been used to become shift/duty manager for a particular organisation. It identifies a range of formal and informal approaches that have been used to ensure effective outcomes. It also includes examining the main external and internal factors that have influenced management development. Furthermore the report identifies any shortcomings and changes that are required to improve the process of developmental management. The main method used to conduct this report was obtaining first hand information from a shift/duty manager at a local food industry; however, relevant literature resources have also been used to support views, evaluations and recommendations made. Rosemary Stewart who has been noted for studies of organisations and managers in action. Based on: Managers and their Jobs, (1967/1987) identified four approaches to defining the term management. Theses are as follows: 1. Theoretical approach: – this is based on the development of theories of management, using approaches focused on political, economical, sociological, psychological or anthropological theory and philosophy. 2. Descriptive approach: – has been given a very simple definition, ‘the job that managers and supervisors do’. 3. Comparative approach: – based on the hierarchical organisation and structure within an organisation, also focused on comparison and evaluation methods: 4. Action-based approach: – this focuses more on the way that those defined as managers spend their time: management as the activities carried out by managers What is management development? According to Lessem, R (1990) â€Å"developmental management is humanistic in essence† in other words the developmental manager values the whole team and values them for their inter-dependence. In order to fully understand the concept of management development it is essential to know of its historical roots. In the workplace individuals and managers unaware of certain behaviour patterns will unintentionally damage their personal effectiveness. When a manager understands the unique differences between individuals then they are in a more powerful position. They are better able to manage, understand, and lead people towards higher level of productivity, lower frustration, higher morale, and better retention rates. The type of management development programme focused on in this report is ‘basic management training from shift/duty managers’. The course itself was split into residential and in-store training with a mentor. The total residential training lasted for eight days at a national training centre and head office. The time limit given to complete the modules specified for this particular programme was twelve weeks, in-store with a mentor. However, twelve weeks being a rough guide as some required more time and candidates regularly completed the modules outside this limit. The course was tailored not only for people with experience but also for example graduates who would have had little or no experience in managing a shift. However, as this particular programme was centred towards the duty manager level its main focus was around people management, whereby it would deal with; staff motivation levels, training, receiving and giving feed back, appraisals etc, rather than actual business management i.e. managing a profit and loss account. There were seventeen modules that needed to be completed, below is a table explaining briefly what these modules were: Modules: Programme: 1-3 Orientation and Getting Started. (was completed during residential) 4-5 Cleanliness, Sanitation and Food Safety. Begins by basic training as would be for all members of staff within the organisation, then becomes more involved in how to effectively manage a team to ensure food safety and cleanliness standards are high as they are constantly observed and monitored. 6-7 Safety, Security and Crisis Management. How to ensure the safety of staff and customers on shift, including health and safety. Basically teaches the manager how to deal with anything from a power cut to an armed robbery. 8-9 Product Excellence. Begins quite basic as to how to identify an out of date product, then becomes more in depth regarding basic stock control, ordering procedures etc. 10-12 Basic Human Resource and Labour Management. Dealt with how to effectively manage a team, including exercises on legal responsibilities of a manager with regards to discrimination, grievance procedures and disciplinary action as well as staff training issues, coaching, how to motivate a team and managing cost of labour on a shift-to-shift basis. 13 Service Recovery. How to prevent, anticipate and deal with customer complaints and how to effectively observe and analyse team member performance to reduce the risk of a complaint. 14 Opening the Restaurant. 15 Shift Change. 16 Closing the Restaurant. The above three points (14-16) are self explanatory. Trainee managers were expected to work through these whilst observing the mentor complete the tasks in order to see how the aspect of previous modules were put into practice for example; stock control, security, cost of labour etc. 17 Floor Management. Dealing with problems prior to them becoming formal complaints or even accidents. This included the ‘figure of eight walk’, prioritising new unexpected tasks and team member recognition. The modules were very general, however, before putting theory into practice observation played a vital role, whereby trainees were to observe their mentors completing certain tasks in order to learn how to tailor tasks to suit the environment. Upon completing the training there was a test followed by an interview with the Area Manager in which the test results were discussed and the standards of completed modules were assessed. The informal approaches used whilst completing the management development programme was the mentor advising best practices for within the restaurant. The formal approaches used were the completion of modules and work books as well as observations where both candidates were observing the mentor and the mentor observing the candidate. The programme in itself prepared the trainees for a position as duty manager. The programme was learner centred and in some cases lack of motivation or resources meant that it lasted longer than the original given deadline of twelve weeks. There were both external and internal factors that influenced the development of duty/shift managers working. The main external factors were that being a food preparation industry, there were many laws and government regulations pertaining to food, safety and obviously regulations for health and safety and employment laws that needed to be learned and put into practice. The main internal factors that influenced management development were the standards set by the company which every manager and team member were expected to have extensive knowledge of. This covered every aspect of the business from the way tables were set to uniform standards to dealing with complaints in a professional manner, which involved more in depth training for management trainees. Although the training provided to trainee managers was quite extensive, practical experience gained via mentors seemed more knowledgeable, as stated quite clearly in the quote below from a previous trainee manager: â€Å"I feel that I learned a lot from the course, the modules and the work books as it introduced me to a lot of legal aspects of the food industry which I would not have learned otherwise, but I found that I learned more from the time spent with my mentor about how to be a manager that team members respected†. As recognised by A.Mumford (1993) there are five stages in the ‘evolution of thought about what managers do’; these are [1] The generalisation stage [2] The scientific stage [3] The management by objective stage [4] The contingency/ realistic stage [5] The competency stage †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Many organizations are turning to behaviour assessments and personality trait testing for both hourly workers and managers. Back in the late ’90s, only 5 percent of 500 companies used some type of assessment. Today, that figure is climbing to 65 percent. A year 2000 study by American Management Association showed nearly half of 1,085 employers polled use at least one assessment in their interviewing process. Assessments can help: * Individuals identify their strengths, know which jobs they are best suited for, and design a development plan to overcome shortcomings. * HR managers predict a job applicant’s success before they are hired. * Business owners understand the temperament and work style of individual employees and managers. * Supervisors can give performance feedback to people in a style they understand and accept for improving performance and accelerating professional development. * People enhance communication, understanding, and improve personal relationships. * Sales managers select, hire, develop, and motivate super sales people. For example a company would use the assessment process to improving their hiring and recruitment process. If for instance, previously they made decisions based on the candidates resume and then hired the person based on their ‘gut’ reaction. Once hired, many of these new people created friction, had bad work ethics, and their attitudes had a negative impact on their co-workers. Conclusion: Developing people is less expensive than firing them. By understanding behaviour differences an organization can align an employee’s motivations with the company’s mission. Assessments also help individuals reduce conflict and get along better. Furthermore, co-workers appreciate each person’s unique strengths and abilities. With this knowledge organizations and managers can maximize the abilities of their workforce in ways to help make all employees star performers. References: > Lessem, R. (1990) Developmental Management: principles of holistic business Oxford, Basil Blackwell > Managers and their Jobs (Penguin, 1977, new edition 1988); > The Reality of Organisation (Penguin, 1972, new edition 1986); > The Diversity of Management 1994.

Child Abuse In Vietnam Essay Example

Child Abuse In Vietnam Essay Example Child Abuse In Vietnam Essay Child Abuse In Vietnam Essay child maltreatment is defined as â€Å"Any recent act or failure to move on the portion of a parent or caretaker which consequences in decease, serious physical or emotional injury, sexual maltreatment or development ; or an act or failure to move which presents an at hand hazard of serious harm.†Surveies from many parts in the universe shows that about 40 million kids up to 15 are exposed to child maltreatment every twelvemonth ( WHO,2001, cited in theInternational Center for Assault Prevention ) and 23 % of the entire population reported to hold been physically abused in their childhood ( WHO, Jan 2014 ) . Although child ill-treatment is non a new issue that it takes topographic point in every society, this scenario must be eliminated because of its terrible effects. Unfortunately, Vietnam has witnessed a important rise in child maltreatment rate in the recent old ages. Thanh Nien News ( 2011 ) reported that 900 kids were sexually abused each twelvemonth while many emerged child maltreatment instances has shocked the community and increased their anxiousness of the national kid protection and intervention. Actually, the fact that in Viet Nam there is no clear definition of â€Å"child abuse† makes it harder for the authorities to undertake this job. This paper will inform readers about this dismaying state of affairs and discourse the causes of child ill-treatment on kids every bit good as some steps taken late. Discussion of findings An overall image In the last decennary, Vietnamese people has continuously amazed by the bad scenes of child mistreatment in their ain state ; but what distressed them the most is that those who abuse the kids are no 1 else but their parents or relations. In 24/4/2010, an 14-year-old male child named Nguyen Hao Anh was found with legion hurts, maturating lesions, several cicatrixs by hot Fe, broken castanetss and 3 dentitions pulled by plyerss, which can remind us of some barbarian anguishs in ancient times using to slaves. As revealed in the populace, the male child was employed in a shrimp farm at the age of 12 and since so, he was on a regular basis viciously beaten by the employers, his mother’s familiarity, merely because of some negligible errors, left entirely when he did nil wrong. These cold interventions had violated earnestly the basic right of kids and became the grounds to condemn the employers to 23-year prison. However, it’s non a long clip since Hao Anh’s instance was brought into visible radiation that on September 2010, the public one time once more felt incensed about the instance of a 9-month-old yearling acquiring beaten and abused by her ain female parent and step-father ( Tri Thuc Tre, cited in Doi vocal phap luat on-line intelligence, 2014 ) . What is more, Trinh Duc Hoa ( 17 old ages old ) was arrested for coercing his 2 cousins to go mendicants. Not holding obeyed the uncle’s order, the youngest kid Trinh Nguyen Thanh Duc was slapped, struck by a 5 metre rod, stung by firing coffin nails and left to hunger. As reported by the vicinity, there was no twenty-four hours that the kids didn’t face the force of the insane addicted uncle. Bruises and crestless waves covered dumbly on their organic structure ( Cong Q. 2013 ) . Hundreds of instances of girls sexually assaulted by their male parents are no longer strange to Vietnamese, but the populace are ferocious. No 1 can conceive of how households and relations, who are sup posed to give their darling kids attention and concern, could impair them cruelly like this. Kindergartens and twenty-four hours attention centres are besides losing their belief from parents due to the ill-famed instance of Phuong Anh private nursery school in HCM City. Shown in the picture distributing online is a adult female slapping, strangulating the small male child ( Le Tuan Khang ) and agitating his caput to hale him into eating without vacillation and without caring about his choking on rice. More cruelly, one small miss was held up side down and threatened to be dropped in to the H2O membranophone because she ate and drank easy. ( Duc P, Hoang L. 2013 ) . The school yearss of those little childs turned out to be atrocious incubus that they hopelessly screamed to wake up. The female parent of Khang explosion into cryings when seeing the cartridge holder. Having noticed the black contusions on her son’s organic structure every bit good as his recent unusual behaviours, she neer thought that her boy had been mistreated so impolitely. She said Khang didn’t have good slumber, woke up all of a sudden at dark and vomited ( Chi M. 2013 ) . They are merely some marks related to the effects caused by kid maltreatment. Harmonizing to the factsheet available on The Child Welfare Information Gateway ( July 2013 ) , the abused kids can acquire physical, psychological, behavioural and social influence following them until maturity, which leads to several wellness jobs and offense committee. Research workers with the National Academy of Sciences besides gave information about an inflow of hard currency provided each twelvemonth for the cost of wellness attention service, jurisprudence execution and kid public assistance stemming from kid maltreatment a nd disregard. Therefore, it’s no longer a personal job go oning in a individual household but a societal issue. What to fault? The authority’s finding to acquire rid of child maltreatment has urged them to calculate out why many kids in Viet Nam are abused and neglected every twelvemonth though scope of solutions have been given out. The reply, unhappily, lies in the thousand-year-old Eastern civilization. Like an old expression goes â€Å"Spare the rod, spoil the child† , penalty and rigorous regulations are believed to do the kid go a respectful, well behaved individual. Nguyen Thi Oanh, a sociologist, indicated that it is the ‘rod culture’ that prompted people to see hitting a kid as normal. This is evidenced in the fact that 58.3 % of Vietnamese kids was severely scolded, struck when they are non submissive to their parents or do a error, harmonizing to a study by Viet Nam Commission for Population, Family and Children in 2006, and that the instance with a kid severely injured is merely indicted as ‘social disorder’ , non child maltreatment ( Tran D.T.L, 2010 ) . T here is strictly a little boundary between good parental penalty and force ; and parents when angry can easy accidentally traverse the line while our kids become victims. It is besides Eastern civilization that become parents’ alibi for their behaviour. They defend that they have the right to convey up and educate childs in their ain manner, which can’t be interfered by any governments. This alleged patriarchalism that formed in the life manner many Moons ago has blurred parents’ consciousness of both human right and effects of kid maltreatment on children’s development, particularly in conservative and traditional household. Another major cause of child mistreatment is poverty. The families with economic trouble can give rise to force per unit area and struggles, which kids will straight endure. Additionally, when many households live in poorness, kid labour ensued as kids are imposed on working, normally on utmost status, to gain for life. The instance of Hao Anh and Thanh Duc are striking illustrations for this. Several disreputable kid ferociousnesss in some private kindergartens have demanded psychologists and sociologists to carry on many analyses. Nguyen Kim Thanh, head of the pre-school section in Ho Chi Minh City’s Office of Education and Training, gave his sentiment about the job. He pointed out the ground for the ferociousness is that baby-sitters in those family-owned kindergartens are lacking in accomplishments and duty for the occupation ( Tran D.T.L, 2010 ) . In an article published in BBC Vietnamese, the writer called Truong Yen claimed pre-school instruction is a specific country of instruction that requires peculiar proficiency. Still, due to the descent of present Vietnam Education system, slack direction of the quality of baby-sitters has appeared. Consequently, many pre-school instructor presents lack passion and love for kids, he indicated. The big figure of kids they have to care for ( normally 30 to 40 kids per category ) besides drives instructors to go impatient and cranky. Equally good as that, low income and low life status put them into a batch of load and force per unit area ( Tran D.T.L, 2010 ) , which is anterior to the mere profit-making intent of opening private twenty-four hours attention establishments. To bring around a disease, we must cognize the beginning of it. However, with those grounds given, the ‘child abuse’ disease is proved to be barely solved when a figure of instances reported are merely tip of the iceberg. Solutions Confronting the issue, the authorities and organisations have proposed some solutions. However, these solutions still have many obstructions to get the better of. Against kid ill-treatment in twenty-four hours attention establishments, The HCM City People’s Committee has decided to shut private pre-schools with no learning licence, but it’s hard to command all unregistered 1s. Paralleled with the rise of kids, the addition of private establishments is a great aid for overladen province kindergartens, which merely receive around 40 per centum of the entire kids, said the local functionaries in HCM City ( Nguyen L. 2013 ) . Therefore, it will be a long manner until the determination can take consequence. Child Protection Laws has besides been enacted to contend against kid maltreatment, but whether they are efficient still wonders the society. Duong Tuyet Mien of Hanoi Law University responded to this state of affairs â€Å"We do nt implement the Torahs properly† . Harmonizing to Mien, a instance is charged lawfully as a condemnable one merely when the kid has 11 % of their organic structure damaged ( monoamine oxidase, 2008 ) . Besides, there would be more ascertained incidents if more informants were concerted The suggestion of seting cameras in schoolroom besides gets a great trade of ailment and disapproval from the populace. As stated in Viet Nam News ( 2013 ) , they argue that they want to see no kid ferociousnesss in schoolroom, non an already happened incident recorded in the camera. Both kids and instructor shouldn’t be in full-day supervising, which breaks the natural and existent ambiance of the category. Many people recommended that kindergarten should use more well-trained and experient instructors instead than utilizing camera system. Decision From all findings above, it is clear that kid maltreatment and disregard should be taken to great consideration since the figure of instances has rocketed every twelvemonth, which will impact severely on our immature coevals. However, what are effectual solutions to the issue still mystifies politicians, pedagogues and governments because of its complicated grounds. Although it will be a long advancement till the twenty-four hours kid maltreatment is eradicated in Viet Nam, we need to unify against this societal immorality. Mention hypertext transfer protocol: //www.internationalcap.org/abuse_statistics.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs150/en/index.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thanhniennews.com/2010/pages/20111216-child-abuse-rises-in-vietnam.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www.doisongphapluat.com/phap-luat/an-ninh-hinh-su/nhung-vu-bao-hanh-tre-em-kinh-di-nhat-viet-nam-a16311.html # .UvEGKmJ_sx5 hypertext transfer protocol: //dantri.com.vn/xa-hoi/chau-be-3-tuoi-bi-cau-danh-dap-da-man-bat-di-an-xin-796006.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //tuoitre.vn/Giao-duc/585719/day % C2 % A0doa % C2 % A0tre-mam-non.html # ad-image-0 Child Welfare Information Gateway 2013 Long-term effects of kid maltreatment and disregard. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau.hypertext transfer protocol: //www.childwelfare.gov hypertext transfer protocol: //english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/education/92151/more-child-abuse-cases-discovered no- solution-found.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ipsnews.net/2010/03/vietnam-reports-of-child-abuse-a-wake-up-call-for-parents-govt/ hypertext transfer protocol: //vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tp-hcm-yeu-cau-dong-cua-truong-mam-non-khong-phep-2926904.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.irinnews.org/report/80059/vietnam-dramatic-rise-in-child-abuse-cases hypertext transfer protocol: //vietnamnews.vn/opinion/your-say/206086/training-better-than-cameras-to-stop-child-abuse-in-centres.html

Life of Wilkie Collins, English Detective Novel Writer

Life of Wilkie Collins, English Detective Novel Writer Wilkie Collins (January 8, 1824 – September 23, 1889) has been called the grandfather of the English detective novel. He was a writer of the sensational school during the Victorian Period, and with bestselling novels and successful plays such as The Woman in White, The Moonstone, and The Frozen Deep, Collins explored the effects of mysterious, shocking, and criminal happenings within  Victorian middle-class families. Early Years and Education Wilkie Collins (born William Wilkie Collins) was born on Jan. 8, 1824, on Cavendish Street in Marylebone, London. He was the eldest of two sons of William Collins, a landscape artist and a member of the Royal Academy, and his wife Harriet Geddes, a former governess. Collins was named after David Wilkie, the Scottish painter who was his godfather. After spending one year at a small preparatory school called Maida Hill Academy  near Tyburn, England, Collins went with his family to Italy, where they stayed from 1837 to 1838. In Italy, the Collins family visited archaeological ruins and museums and resided in a number of cities, including Rome, Naples, and Sorrento, before returning home. Wilkie then boarded at a boys school run by Henry Cole in Highbury from 1838–1841. There, Collins was bullied into telling stories to the other boys at night because he had learned Italian and had picked up on plots from foreign literature and was not shy in bragging about it. At age 17, Collins started his first job with a tea merchant named Edward Antrobus, a friend of his fathers. Antrobus shop was located on The Strand in London. The heady atmosphere of The Strand- a major thoroughfare populated by theaters, law courts, taverns, and newspaper editorial offices- gave Collins ample inspiration to write short articles and literary pieces in his spare time. His first signed article, The Last Stage Coachman, appeared in Douglas Jerrolds Illuminated Magazine in 1843. In 1846, Collins  became a law student at Lincolns Inn. He was called to the bar in 1851, but never  practiced law. Early Literary Career Collins first novel, Iolani, was rejected and didnt resurface until 1995, long after his death. His second novel,  Antonina was only one-third of the way finished when his father died. After the elder Collins death, Wilkie Collins started work on a two-volume biography of his father, which was published by subscription in 1848. That biography brought him to the attention of the literary world. In 1851, Collins  met  Charles Dickens, and the two writers became close friends. Although Dickens was not known to serve as a mentor for many writers, he was surely a supporter, colleague, and mentor for Collins. According to scholars of Victorian literature, Dickens and Collins influenced one another and even co-wrote several short stories. Dickens supported Collins by publishing some of his stories, and it is possible that the two men were knowledgeable of the others less-than-ideal Victorian sexual alliances. Collins was called William and Willie as a child, but as he rose in stature in the literary world,  he became known as Wilkie to just about everyone. The Sensational School The sensation genre of writing was an early stage in the development of the  detective novel. Sensational novels offered a hybrid of domestic fiction, melodrama,  sensational journalism, and  gothic  romances. The  plots contained elements of bigamy, fraudulent identity, drugging, and theft, all of which took place within the middle-class home. Sensational novels owe much of their sensation to the earlier Newgate novel genre, which consisted of biographies of notorious criminals.   Wilkie Collins was the most popular and is today the best-remembered of the sensational novelists, completing his most important novels in the 1860s with  the heyday of the genre. Other practitioners included Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Charles Reade, and Ellen Price Wood. Family and Personal Life Wilkie Collins never married. It has been speculated that his close knowledge of Charles and Catherine Dickens unhappy marriage may have influenced him. In the mid-1850s, Collins began living with Caroline Graves, a widow with one daughter. Graves lived in Collins house and looked after his domestic affairs for most of thirty years. In 1868, when it became clear that Collins would not marry her, Graves briefly left him and married someone else. However, she and Collins reunited two years later after Graves marriage ended. While Graves  was away, Collins became involved with Martha Rudd, a former servant. Rudd was 19 years old, and Collins was 41. He established  for her a few blocks away from his home. Together, Rudd and Collins had three children: Marian (born 1869), Harriet Constance (born 1871), and William Charles (born 1874). The children were given the surname name Dawson, as Dawson was the name Collins used when he bought the house and visited Rudd. In his letters, he referred to them as his morganatic family. By the time he was in his late thirties, Collins was addicted to laudanum, a derivative of opium, which featured as a plot point in many of his best novels, including The Moonstone. He also traveled throughout Europe and led a fairly lavish and sybaritic lifestyle with his traveling companions, including Dickens and others he met along the way. Published Works Over his lifetime, Collins wrote 30 novels and over 50 short stories, some of which were published in magazines edited by Charles Dickens. Collins also wrote a travel book (A Rogues Life), and plays,  the best-known of which is The Frozen Deep, an allegory of the failed Franklin expedition to find the Northwest Passage across Canada. Death and Legacy Wilkie Collins died in London on Sept. 23, 1889, at the age of 69, after having suffered a debilitating stroke. His will divided what proceeds were left from his writing career between his two partners, Graves and Rudd, and the Dawson children. The sensationalism genre faded in popularity after the 1860s. However, scholars credit sensationalism, especially  Collins work, with reimagining the Victorian family  in the midst of social and political changes of the Industrial Age. He often depicted strong women who overcame the injustices of the day, and he developed plot devices that the next generations of writers such as Edgar Allan Poe and Arthur Conan Doyle used to invent the detective mystery genre. T.S. Elliot said of Collins that he was the first and greatest of modern English novelists. Mystery writer Dorothy L. Sayers said that Collins was the most genuinely feminist of all the 19th century novelists. Wilkie Collins Fast Facts Full Name: William Wilkie CollinsOccupation:  AuthorKnown For: Bestselling detective novels and developing of the sensational genre of literatureBorn: January 8, 1824  in London, EnglandParents Names: William Collins and Harriet GeddesDied: September 23, 1889 in London, EnglandSelected Works: The Woman in White, The Moonstone, No Name, The Frozen DeepSpouses Name:  Never married, but had two significant partners –  Caroline Graves, Martha Rudd.Children: Marian Dawson, Harriet Constance Dawson, and William Charles DawsonFamous Quote:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Any woman who is sure of her own wits, is a match, at any time, for a man who is not sure of his own temper.† (from  The Woman in White) Sources Ashley, Robert P. Wilkie Collins Reconsidered. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 4.4 (1950): 265–73. Print.Baker, William, and William M. Clarke, eds. The Letters of Wilkie Collins: Volume 1: 1838–1865. MacMillan Press, LTD1999. Print.Clarke, William M. The Secret Life of Wilkie Collins: The Intimate Victorian Life of the Father of the Detective Story. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1988. Print.Lonoff, Sue. Charles Dickens and Wilkie Collins. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 35.2 (1980): 150–70. Print.Peters, Catherine. The King of Inventors: A Life of Wilkie Collins. Princeton: Princeton Legacy Library: Princeton University Press, 1991. Print.Siegel, Shepard. Wilkie Collins: Victorian Novelist as Psychopharmacologist. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 38.2 (1983): 161–75. Print.Simpson, Vicky. Selective Affinities: Non-Normative Families in Wilkie Collinss No Name. Victorian Review 39.2 (2013): 115–28. Print.

The destination i will be creating an advertisemen Essays

The destination i will be creating an advertisemen Essays The destination i will be creating an advertisement for is Singapore.Singapore is most appropriate for families.First, it has a Universal Studio in Singapore.So families can have great fun in Universal Studio. Second, Singapores's night view is beautiful, and you can take the ferris wheel to enjoy it. Third, families can play in Sentosa Island.They can swim, play games in the island. At last, the Night Safari is the world's first nocturnal zoo which is one of the most popular tourist attraction in Singapore. Children get a first hand look at how animals behave and interact at night. This is a good place for families to travel.I use the picture of Merlion Park as background picture. Then I use the picture of Universal Studio, Garden By The Bay, Marina Bay Sands and Sentosa Island as the addition attractions. I choose that because Merlion Park is a well-known marketing icon of Singapore depicted as a mythical creature with a lion's head and the body of a fish. It also was the first use d in Singapore as the logo for the tourism board. The other attractions are the most popular attractions in Singapore.

Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Research Paper - Essay Example The laws that govern the sentences made towards the felons who commit drug related offenses include Three Strikes law and the Rockefeller Drug Laws. The Rockefeller laws were passed during a time that the government had declared war against drugs. Under this law, possession or sale of heroin, cannabis, and cocaine would call for a minimum of 15 years imprisonment (Barton-Bellessa et al. 50-51). Following the adoption of the Rockefeller laws, the prison population has been on the rise leading to constraints on available resources. The other law that has been criticized for being unnecessarily strict is the Three Strikes Law, which is directed towards individuals with previous counts of felony. Under this law, an individual convicted of a new felony having gone through a previous conviction of a serious crime is to be sentenced twice the term for the new crime (Judicial Council of California). Moreover, if a person was convicted of a crime having been through two prior sentences, this law requires that such an individual be imprisoned for at least 25 years or life imprisonment. Both laws have been criticized in the past and continue to receive criticism since they are unfairly harsh. Bearing in mind that prison space is finite, enacting such laws calls for additional resources, which come from the Amcferican taxpayers making their standards of living even harder. Therefore, I believe that this space should be filled with the most appropriate individuals and find alternative corrections for other criminals such as those who are drug related. For instance, drug related felons should be handled in community settings especially those that were involved in crimes while under the influence of drugs. Due to these laws, street addicts are being held in the prisons with insufficient resources for dealing with the mental health problems they might be going through as a result of the addiction (Gray). To me, from a logical perspective of view, it would not be of importance to imprison a mentally disturbed individual while there is a better option. If the American government takes this into serious consideration, it would reduce the prison population since individuals would be tested to determine whether they were in the right state of mind while committing a crime. Moreover, this would make more sense both from the perspectives of economic and logical aspects to provide an initial diversion from prison systems to community based health providers for the street addict. From my point of view, prison space should only be reserved for violent predators who committed the crimes in the right state of mind and repeat offenders without application of the three strikes law. This space should not be reserved for an individual who was arrested with cannabis worth a few dollars. However, if the individual must be jailed, 15 years is unreasonably long for such a crime. In fact, these laws have not improved the issue of drug sale and abuse in the U.S. This is becau se drugs still flock the American streets and new drugs such as methamphetamine have been introduced. With respect to non-violent street addicts, treatment and rehabilitation should be the first option in the line of defense for such individuals (McLemore 10-11). The unfair punitive effect brought by the Rockefeller Law in addition to the rigidity of the Three

Sampling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sampling - Essay Example This is true in for example agricultural research organizations that test on the pesticides, herbicides and plants the farmers and consumers need. Since they cannot go round asking each and every stakeholder, the manager sends the team to sample a few of those for the market research (Hillger 2006). The other importance is that sampling cuts costs of organization especially that spend on market research. The cost reduction is in terms of sampling researchers and also sampling the participants. This is cost effective compared to employing the whole team of researchers which is expensive and time consuming. This is used by motor vehicle manufacturing companies in many parts of the world like Germany, America and Japan. This sampling decision is approved by middle-level and top-level managers of such companies (Danford 2009). Managers are tasked with staffing. This entails short listing candidates for interviews and hiring a few of those shortlisted. This process requires employment of sampling procedures. This is because when a job position is advertised, many qualified and some unqualified individuals apply and it is the work of human resource managers in collaboration with other managers to short list them based on the qualifications and this is mostly done through systematic or even random sampling (Caruth et al. 2009). One of the skills of the manager is to build power bases (Evans et al. 2007). This means that the manager will have to decentralize power and activities in the organization for effectiveness and achievement of organization’s goals and objectives. This power distribution can be done through cluster or stratified sampling. This means that the manager will divide the organization into different departments and have supervisors or line managers control it. This is common in banks which have decentralized the power of

Collaborative writing Assignment against Euthanasia Essay

Collaborative writing Assignment against Euthanasia - Essay Example Besides, there are critical aspects of medical profession that need to be taken into consideration as far as doctor’s role in physician-assisted suicide is concerned (Jeffrey 76-8). The society put their trust on doctors as having moral responsibility of keeping the patients in state of life in line with their Hippocratic Oath. There are several arguments that attract the opposition against Euthanasia that seems real if given critical analysis. Legalizing euthanasia will create a legal loophole that can be misused by the doctors in regard to physician-assisted suicide. One such legal aspect is possible â€Å"slippery slope† from the process of euthanasia to murder. This will particularly target the poor and disabled people who may not sustain prolonged medical monitoring condition and expensive medical bills. The principle of life requires sustained help and medical support to an individual with the cardinal goal of saving life. In this respect, the aspect of socio-economic ability is not considered (Kopelman 87-9). However, in reality medical cost for some conditions requires funds which may exhaust a family and render the hospital or doctors financially incapacitated to continue offering services. For the poor and the handicap, this may compel the doctors to initiate physician-assisted suicide as a way of eliminating the cost factor. There is possible legal incentive that this doctor’s right may create to the insurance firms that may resort to termination of life with the aim of saving money. This is unfair and highly unethical in line with the common moral tenets of businesses practices and medical code of ethics. The aspect of deliberate killing of the poor and the disabled if this practice is legalized evokes the concept of Ethics which can effectively convince the proponents to think otherwise. According to Jeffrey (pg.20), â€Å"Clearly, it would be unwise to give doctors the power to issue lethal prescriptions for the

Juvenile Justice Cases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Juvenile Justice Cases - Assignment Example The future lies with the children hence, today’s laws subject them to various systems different from the adults’. It is necessary to mention that today’s child has not had enough chance at her disposal leading to marginal changes in the traditional roles that children play in several parts of this state. Most of them have actually adapted to the common proverbial silver-spoon which had an unimaginable meaning in the uneconomical era. Some are fortunate enough to have the necessities of a life while others face controversial and diverse problems. Some of the problems might be a direct effect of increasing strength of the economy; something that has substantially reduced the responsible behavior expectations during childhood. Most irresponsible children behavior is a result of inadequate attention from preoccupied parents who leave their children with the responsibility of taking care of themselves when they return home from school (John, 2007). Question 1 A& B: Although it might be a little easier to jump into conclusion and think that the 15-year old would be thrown to jail and manhandled, it is crucial to point out that the justice system came up with a system that aims at, not only committing itself to the restoration and protection philosophy but also provides diverse opportunities for diversion and emphasizing on the rehabilitation process other than mere punishment hence Mrs. I should not be worried due to several ways used to deal with that issue without necessarily having the little boy harassed. The punishment principle states that there can never be an occurrence of a crime in a situation where lawful punishment specifications do not exist. For example, Larceny would never be considered a criminal offence if a clearly defined law against that does not exist. The law of the land cannot simply state that, ‘stealing is illegal’. Criminal punishment should be clearly specified in order to ensure that there is lawful imposition of sanctions when an individual if found guilty. In this case, the boy would be found in possession of a car that was stolen, driving without a license and even crushing the car. This may be a hard case to handle as the defendant had been found with (not just one) three offences to answer for. However, there might still be hope. He might escape a harsh punishment but must be subjected to other means of correcting his behavior (Davenport, 2009). One thing that must be put into consideration is whether or not Mrs. I could be willing to take res ponsibility of seeing to it that the future of this little boy is bright through economic means and absolute mentorship programs. That is the most lenient option adopted by a court of law in implementing justice as a means of reversing the juvenile delinquency’s negative trend. A relatively strong program of diversion relevantly impacts recidivism and delinquents. As a replacement of juvenile court, sentencing and prosecution, there had to be an implementation of diversion programs. Another significant point is whether or not

Discuss about the perils and promise of pluralism in America Essay

Discuss about the perils and promise of pluralism in America - Essay Example In such a plural state as America is, every individual have the right to choose â€Å"what part of the multiplicity he wants to have or to belong to† (Johansson and Lynoe, 2008, p.245). In such a circumstance the stability of society depends on a ‘power balance’ (Johansson and Lynoe, 2008, p.245). Although this pluralism tries to ensure the greatest good, it is not a totalitarian principle and it has certain negative effects for individual and for society at large. The first effect of pluralism is that it gives rise to deferent interest groups in the politics. As America is probably the largest democracy in the world, the pluralistic view poses the question of whether having various interest groups is good for creating a policy. One of the major challenges that have arisen in the wake of this century is ensuring the national security from terrorist attack. America’s democracy promotion policy in the Muslim countries has been resisted by the Muslim Americans. Even a lack of clear definition of democracy allowed the Muslim Americans to question the basic presumption of democracy. The Judeo Christian tradition of America made it possible to create a society based on the shared values of catholic, protestant and Jewish religion. It was possible because certain denominations of the values of these religions were supported by the American life style. The 1965 Immigration Act was pivotal in creating a congregating identity of Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists and Sikhs. With the widening of democracy, these culturally diverse groups have been able to lobby the administration and influence the social and cultural life of America. Within the diversity, there are cultural groups who feel marginalized and it is due to the tension between cultural groups who are struggling to monitor the values and institution for desired reformation (Machacek: 2003, p.1) Cultural pluralism in America tends to denigrate certain social groups in regards to language,

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 1 - Essay Example 1). The dispute has led to a legal suit by â€Å"The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission† on behalf of the employee. According to the commission, the employer’s branch of Bayou City Wings is believed to have discriminated against the employee because of her condition as an expectant mother. The alleged discriminatory action is based on the employer’s policy that provides for an automatic termination of employment after a woman’s three months into pregnancy or a mandatory leave without payment. The commission however claims illegality of the policy leading to the suit that was filed in Texas (Tsikoudakis, p. 1). Facts around the case further indicate that the employee was dismissed despite her doctor’s advice that she could work until the last month of her pregnancy. According to the suit, the employer told the employee that its clients do not appreciate services by expectant women and that her dismissal would be a lesson to other employees that the organization shall dismiss its pregnant employees or offer them leave without pay. The commission also reports other instances of similar treatments. In identifying illegality of the company’s policy and its implementation, the commission’s representative points out that the constitution provides for a woman’s right to her employment even when she is pregnant. The employer therefore has no right to compel a woman into a leave, even at the woman’s best interest (Tsikoudakis, p. 1). Case analysis The case identifies legal issues in the dismissal of pregnant women. The first issue is the ethical approach to discrimination that is based on a woman’s pregnant condition. This is because the company’s policy offers unfair treatment to women on the fundamental basis of their pregnancy. This contravenes social perspective that values pregnancy for recreation. Another aspect of the case, from a legal perspective, is a woman’s right to remain in full employment during her pregnancy period. Employment and anti discrimination laws for example provide three categories of protection of women’s rights during pregnancy, during delivery period, and after delivery. Employers are for example not allowed to use a woman’s pregnancy as a basis for determining her capacity to perform her duties. Similarly, a pregnant woman’s inability to perform her employment roles, due to her pregnancy, must not be used to her disadvantage and she should be accorded a similar treatment to that of any other employee who is temporarily disadvantaged with respect to performance of employment roles. Another legal provision that protect pregnant women’s interest at work is their freedom to work until such a time that their conditions cannot allow them to work anymore. The decision to seek leave from work is however, the woman’s and not the employer’s (Eeoc, p. 1). The facts of the case however contravene all these three conditions. Ms Castillo’s contract was for example terminated on the primary basis of her pregnancy as is evidenced by the company’s policy and its implementation that has also seen other eight women lose their jobs at the organization. Castillo was similarly discriminated against on grounds of her pregnancy because she was not treated as any employee would have been treated in case of a short-term inability. The organization would for example not dismiss men or non-pregnant women because of temporary illnesses. Lastly, in her condition, and with her

Juvenile Justice Cases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Juvenile Justice Cases - Assignment Example The future lies with the children hence, today’s laws subject them to various systems different from the adults’. It is necessary to mention that today’s child has not had enough chance at her disposal leading to marginal changes in the traditional roles that children play in several parts of this state. Most of them have actually adapted to the common proverbial silver-spoon which had an unimaginable meaning in the uneconomical era. Some are fortunate enough to have the necessities of a life while others face controversial and diverse problems. Some of the problems might be a direct effect of increasing strength of the economy; something that has substantially reduced the responsible behavior expectations during childhood. Most irresponsible children behavior is a result of inadequate attention from preoccupied parents who leave their children with the responsibility of taking care of themselves when they return home from school (John, 2007). Question 1 A& B: Although it might be a little easier to jump into conclusion and think that the 15-year old would be thrown to jail and manhandled, it is crucial to point out that the justice system came up with a system that aims at, not only committing itself to the restoration and protection philosophy but also provides diverse opportunities for diversion and emphasizing on the rehabilitation process other than mere punishment hence Mrs. I should not be worried due to several ways used to deal with that issue without necessarily having the little boy harassed. The punishment principle states that there can never be an occurrence of a crime in a situation where lawful punishment specifications do not exist. For example, Larceny would never be considered a criminal offence if a clearly defined law against that does not exist. The law of the land cannot simply state that, ‘stealing is illegal’. Criminal punishment should be clearly specified in order to ensure that there is lawful imposition of sanctions when an individual if found guilty. In this case, the boy would be found in possession of a car that was stolen, driving without a license and even crushing the car. This may be a hard case to handle as the defendant had been found with (not just one) three offences to answer for. However, there might still be hope. He might escape a harsh punishment but must be subjected to other means of correcting his behavior (Davenport, 2009). One thing that must be put into consideration is whether or not Mrs. I could be willing to take res ponsibility of seeing to it that the future of this little boy is bright through economic means and absolute mentorship programs. That is the most lenient option adopted by a court of law in implementing justice as a means of reversing the juvenile delinquency’s negative trend. A relatively strong program of diversion relevantly impacts recidivism and delinquents. As a replacement of juvenile court, sentencing and prosecution, there had to be an implementation of diversion programs. Another significant point is whether or not

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 1 - Essay Example 1). The dispute has led to a legal suit by â€Å"The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission† on behalf of the employee. According to the commission, the employer’s branch of Bayou City Wings is believed to have discriminated against the employee because of her condition as an expectant mother. The alleged discriminatory action is based on the employer’s policy that provides for an automatic termination of employment after a woman’s three months into pregnancy or a mandatory leave without payment. The commission however claims illegality of the policy leading to the suit that was filed in Texas (Tsikoudakis, p. 1). Facts around the case further indicate that the employee was dismissed despite her doctor’s advice that she could work until the last month of her pregnancy. According to the suit, the employer told the employee that its clients do not appreciate services by expectant women and that her dismissal would be a lesson to other employees that the organization shall dismiss its pregnant employees or offer them leave without pay. The commission also reports other instances of similar treatments. In identifying illegality of the company’s policy and its implementation, the commission’s representative points out that the constitution provides for a woman’s right to her employment even when she is pregnant. The employer therefore has no right to compel a woman into a leave, even at the woman’s best interest (Tsikoudakis, p. 1). Case analysis The case identifies legal issues in the dismissal of pregnant women. The first issue is the ethical approach to discrimination that is based on a woman’s pregnant condition. This is because the company’s policy offers unfair treatment to women on the fundamental basis of their pregnancy. This contravenes social perspective that values pregnancy for recreation. Another aspect of the case, from a legal perspective, is a woman’s right to remain in full employment during her pregnancy period. Employment and anti discrimination laws for example provide three categories of protection of women’s rights during pregnancy, during delivery period, and after delivery. Employers are for example not allowed to use a woman’s pregnancy as a basis for determining her capacity to perform her duties. Similarly, a pregnant woman’s inability to perform her employment roles, due to her pregnancy, must not be used to her disadvantage and she should be accorded a similar treatment to that of any other employee who is temporarily disadvantaged with respect to performance of employment roles. Another legal provision that protect pregnant women’s interest at work is their freedom to work until such a time that their conditions cannot allow them to work anymore. The decision to seek leave from work is however, the woman’s and not the employer’s (Eeoc, p. 1). The facts of the case however contravene all these three conditions. Ms Castillo’s contract was for example terminated on the primary basis of her pregnancy as is evidenced by the company’s policy and its implementation that has also seen other eight women lose their jobs at the organization. Castillo was similarly discriminated against on grounds of her pregnancy because she was not treated as any employee would have been treated in case of a short-term inability. The organization would for example not dismiss men or non-pregnant women because of temporary illnesses. Lastly, in her condition, and with her

Autobiography of a Classroom Essay Example for Free

Autobiography of a Classroom Essay I am a very big classroom in a well-known public school. I cater to needs of the kindergarten class of the school, accommodating I think about eighty five children, a big number isn’t it? I understand that I am the best looking room in the school as, the very small children study here. I am very attractively decorated so that the little ones like to come here every day. The room that is me – is decorated with beautiful coloured pictures. The walls are a blend of some colours I do not know the names of. The furniture that is placed in the length and breadth of the room consists of small round tables to seat four children on each table, and the chairs are also tiny. That is not all, all the furniture is a mixture of many colours. When the children come inside the class they almost fight to sit on certain chairs. That makes me understand that they like the colours and fight for their favourite colours to sit on. At the top two ends of the length of the classroom there are two bigger tables and full size chairs for the teachers to sit. Since there are so many children there are two teachers while in other classes there is only one each. I am a treat for everyone to see. My pleasure knows no bounds when everyone who comes inside the class, admires me, appreciates my get up and the colours that don me. I have the twin advantage of being the most beautiful room in the school and also having the cutest of children coming to spend their time with me. Thus, my life is full of beauty, colour, noise and laughter and at times of course also crying and howling of the children. At times some new entrants to the school come to me with their mothers and, cry as if they had come to the slaughter house to be butchered. At such moments even by heart cries for the little ones and I wonder why man makes these little children come to study if they do not want to. I of course do not know how important studies are for human children, I only feel sad seeing the children cry. My life is full of a very busy schedule though very interesting. The routine of my daily life is so busy that, I do not get any relief for quite long hours. In the morning as early as 6 a. m. wo sweepers come open the lock of my room or rather me, and off they start working on me. They sweep my floor, squab it, dust each and every piece of the furniture in me. Thus, I get alerted as soon the room is unlocked. It is not even 8 a. m. when the little brats start pouring inside my body’s doors. At times they enter with so much noise that my whole body feels the rattle of it all. Their movements are so loud that now, I cannot even think of any rest. School bags get flung, tiffin boxes are strewn all about, water bottles are kept just anywhere and there is a lot of commotion all over. Soon the maid enters the room and keeps everything in order and my appearance at once improves and I look tidy and well kept. For these small ones the school hours are just three from, 8 a. m. to 11 a. m. These three hours is my duty time, and just is the time when I also get the day’s entertainment. Being a classroom for the Kindergarten children I get a great chance of hearing conversations between the teachers and the parents. Since this is the first time their children have entered school, parents devote a lot of time to talking about the school and its standards. At times I find that some parents are just too critical and, inspite of getting all the best in this school they always seem to be unhappy and dissatisfied with something or the other in the school. Such parents keep lecturing about things missing in the classroom, the school or even in the playground. When I hear such complaints, my heart sinks and I wonder if they will allow or not allow their children to come to me any more,. For such conversations I have understood that, these days parents pamper the children too much, and it seems that they can never yes, never be satisfied. I am quite surprised to see the vast difference in opinions. While on the one hand I, and also many parents think that I am very beautiful, well kept, and decorated, others of the same clan are always complaining of many defects in my appearance. This gives me a feeling of depression and I do wonder if I can do anything in the matter. After some thinking bouts, I realize that, I can do nothing to satisfy these unhappy parents. I am just here in the hands of the school authorities and stand here as and how they keep me. My working hours are just six, from 6 a. m. when sweepers enter to say 12 noon when I am locked after all children go. After my duty hours I just relax but also feel lonely. No matter what is said about me, I am thoroughly enjoying my life in the cute company of little children. Their company makes me also feel young though now I am quite old. Every summer vacation I am painted afresh, my furniture is painted, and, I am ready to welcome my little friends, new and old with a new look, new enthusiasm and renewed vigour. I pray that my life is forever allowed to remain so interesting and so relaxed. I just love all the children and teachers who come here to me, to work and play in the restricted area within my four walls.

Scope of tourism development

Scope of tourism development TOURISM Introduction Tourism is one of the fast growing industry in the world. When considering India, undoubtedly there is an unlimited scope of tourism development in the South Indian state of Kerala which would definitely bring up the economic growth of the country. There is a high degree of widening the service in this industry with the help of technology and infrastructure in connection with the globalisation process. I am going to examine the scope and opportunity of developing the tourism in Kerala, focusing and exploring its natural resources and cultural inheritance and the very traditional nature of simplicity and service. In order to promote the tourism industry there must be a quality service everywhere from the point of travellers arrival to their departure. Every tourist should feel homely and comfortably and would feel that they got some exotic and exited experience in their life to keep for their rest of the life. The people, culture, custom and etiquette, all need to be watched and monitored by the authority so that every tourist will get the maximum comfort and enjoy their time in Kerala. There should be different and skilled human resource to cater the variety of their need in time with good quality. To unravel scope of the tourism and enjoy the benefit, there must be suitable approach and attitude form the government to address the issues involved in the tourism industry. Kerala is bestowed with its beauty of nature and heritage. If it is maintained and measures are taken to present Kerala in a grand appearance, then it would bring an unbelievable future. To help and promote the tourism and other related activities, the national policies on tourism had been introduced in 2002. The travel and tourism sector faces a lot of challenges. The terrorists give a big threat to the industry globally. After September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre, Indo-Pak Boarder tension, 26/11 Mumbai terrorist attack and threat to the different region in India, there is a considerable negative growth of the influx of tourists in India. There is quality tourism with Kochi centred resort as the most popular. Kerala is rich in culture with full of colourful and unique art. It is said to be Gods own Country and it is the one of the finest tourist spot in the world. Kerala has won the popularity as a tourist spot and became one of the important tourist destinations in the world. Kerala is outstanding for its beaches, backwaters, warm weather, hill stations, waterfalls, wild life and Ayurveda (an indigenous branch of health care and herbal treatment). Variety of year round festivals and the diversity of flora and fauna make Kerala a unique destination. The tourism in Kerala contributes a major role in the growth of the economy that empowers and generates the job opportunity and development of infrastructure. There is an incredible chance to develop and integrate tourism circuits based on Indias civilization, heritage and culture in association with private sector and other agencies. The tourism industry in Kerala is focusing in delivering a high quality service to its guests. Kerala Tourism Development Corporation(KTDC), District Tourism Promotion Council, Bekal tourism Development Corporation(BTDC), Local Government and Private sector are the major active organisers of the Tourism in Kerala. Kerala has got cosy and comfortable guest houses and tourist homes which are run by the government and the private parities. The accommodation for tourists are provided in hotels, resorts etc according to their interests. Star hotels are available at most of the towns in Kerala and the service offered is excellent and they are worth for its value. Kerala is always keeping its heritage and culture which is famous for its hospitality. There are well trained and skilled tourist guide who are trusted and presenting a valuable job for the tourists. Kerala Tourism Development Corporation is keen at dealing with the promotion of tourism with its innovative strategies of management. Participation in Trade fairs As Kerala, a marvellous Tourist Destination which can offer a lot to the travellers to their mind and body, a world class tourism destination , the Department of Tourism want to promote the industry in a large scale focusing on the service quality and the infrastructure related to its function in every aspects. The Department of Tourism participated in national and international trade meets along with private sector and organised road shows and events. Kerala Brand Kerala has been branded as one of the most famous destination in the travel and tourism industry. There is a wide scope of marketing and all possible strategies are being taken to promote the tourism in kerala. A great deal of this is due to proactive marketing. The experts are keen at developing its physical, ecological, cultural and social structure as a whole. The Tourism Development Corporation is engaging in constant reviewing and taking ample decision and taking appropriate policies and procedures for its overall developments. Infrastructure The infrastructure is one of the unavoidable elements which influence or affect the tourism industry .The infrastructure promote the tourists attraction a lot. Majority of the tourists are seeking for a hassle free travel and mind free leisure time with all the facilities they wish to have. If travellers are facing difficulties in their travel and accommodation, there should be all the things need to be in hand. The availability of quality infrastructure is very critical in the tourism system. The Tourism industry in Kerala promotes a lot of activities which are interesting to the tourists. All activities are in relationship with the building up of world class tourism infrastructure facilities like tourism accommodation, transportation facilities, proper water system and lighting system etc. Apart from these, there must be a systematic network to make a move on the tourist in a comfort based manner. There should be appropriate information at all the information point where people can access information about everything under the sun in Kerala. It is essential to have the tourists to guide to their destinations and needs. ROAD SHOWS IN NEW MARKETS Tourism Events The Tourism Development in Kerala is keenly interested in promoting the tourism by finding new ways to promote it and it is adapting new strategies and policies. There are so many series of events that are being carried out to attract more tourists through Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Events like MICE destination etc. There is a great deal of importance in locating the destination Kerala for its specific features of beautiful Beaches, Backwaters, unique and indigenous Ayurveda , Wildlife , Hill stations and cuisines. There are a variety of rare highly productive products like village tourism, Heritage tourism, Eco tourism and medical tourism. New Products Development Kerala has got a lot of high profile products which are uncommon and most of the tourists seek and would like to experience its rarity. Kerala has got to offer Medical tourism and a lot in the Health care sector to attract tourists. It is a fantastic destination for the people who are interested in bird watch for Avian Tourists. In addition to the backwater exploring events, Kerala has got to offer a lot in Avian tourism to attract the birdwatchers from across the globe. There are large varieties of treat for the visitors waiting in Kerala. The plantation based tourism is highly promoted. Kerala is famous for its ancient buildings and tree houses which are generally a typical house which is built on the top of the tree named Erumadam. Kalamandalam an organisation which is rich in its own traditional and very original kadhakali which is a typical dance which is performed only in the State of Kerala which attracts tourists with its own colourful rich classic dance mainly based on expressions. Eco Tourism Kerala is showing keen interests in the tourism process and activities which is more or less given priority to its environment. It is aiming at conducting the tourism activity in relation with the ecological condition of the region and it has been introduced much advanced strategies for developing the concept of Eco-Tourism in the recent times. The basic norm is to deal with green, conservation, preservation and concern with its sustainability. As the word Eco stands for the ecology it has a strong link and relation between living organism and their environments, thus linking tourism with the environment and it is directly linked with the tourism development and environment. Increasingly, ecotourism is being defined as a nature oriented travel that promotes conservation and resource protection and also adds to the local economy. Thenmala and Wayand are good examples for the major projects undertaken under eco tourism. The Thenmala project is the one of the very pioneering planned eco tourism which is managed by the country. The Department of Forest help the tourism department to give the infrastructure facilities to promote these activities in connection with the eco tourism Forest Department, the infrastructure facilities have been created at Palaruvi. The management of tourists to the falls is done through the Vana Samrakshana Samithy,(Organisation for conservation of Forest). The eco tourism is the different approach and recent introduction in the tourism industry in Kerala .The project is promoting tourism at the Periyar Tiger Reserve at Thekkady in Kerala. The Ministry of Environment is concentrating and proposing a lot of project to develop the eco tourism at Periyar. India Eco development programme Tiger Trail project was launched at Wildlife Sanctuary. The project focused on conservation of fauna and flora of the area where the local inhabitancies were given dominant role to monitor the activities which could lead to protect its wild life and the flora. The deep knowledge of the locals were used to make use to protect the eco system. Besides the Tiger Trail, other ecotourism products of the Periyar Tiger Reserve are; Bamboo Rafting, Day Trekking Programme, Tribal Heritage, and Bamboo Grove, Jungle Inn and Wild adventures. Eco tourism is a modern concept in the tourism industry where the explorers take a journey to the nature and enjoy it basically without disturbing the nature through any activities. There is a wide scope on this sector where the industry can invest comparatively less in order to explore the system far and wide. The local people of the immediate environment are involved directly and benefited from these activities and can contribute to this. Their knowledge can be utilised for the educational purpose too. Training and Developments Kerala Tourism Development Corporation has started a lot of different training programmes which are aimed at increasing the quality of service in connection with the tourism activities. As communication is a strong key to open the minds and the truth, and English being as an international language, special training were given to the people who are operating and dealing with the international clients .The people who are working in hotel and tourism sector were taught Spoken English and training the basic etiquette of wishing and making the guests happy and comfortable. The increasing potential and the scope inspire the private investment in a large scale in the tourism sector in order to generate more income. The GDP country has been increased by 10.69% including multiplier effect. Employment Generation As the Hotel and tourism industry need to deal with direct contact with Human being, there is a great deal of Human Resources are needed for the efficient and productive service in this industry. So is a great opportunity for the people to get employments in Kerala. There is 11.07% of increase in the total employment in the travel and tourism sector. The different sources are concentrating to help provide expertise to deal with the most demanding jobs. Back Water Tourism in Kerala The backwaters of Kerala are the most serene and salubrious tourist attraction. It attributes in a great deal to the Gods Own Country and have given it the sobriquet Gods Own Country. It is said to be the fifty must see places in the world (National Geographic Travel). The house boats (Kettuvalloms), lakes and backwater and its associated festivals and events make Kerala as an outstanding tourist spot on the globe. The tourism in Kerala generates employment and income in various ways. The enchanting beauty and exciting events in Kerala at the region where backwaters would be a marvellous treat for anyone who enjoys the nature and the art of travelling .The cruising in house boat with all the class facilities with indigenous cuisine will leave a legacy in the tourists mind. It is quite rejuvenating and relaxing for their body and mind. The backwaters in Alappuzha District is the most beautiful location the tourist plunge in to explore the nature by cruising in house boats. There are lot of lakes which treats the tourists with most courteous charms. The Nehru Trophy Boat race is one of the important events which attract the tourists. There is every thing the traveller seeking to gather, the beauty, and hassles free life ,calmness ,serenity , traditional oil massage , Ayurvedic treatments etc. Kerala Backwaters Destinations The travellers would be thrilled with the Keralas most precious treasure, the backwaters. The backwaters are located mainly in the region of the districts Allappuzha, Kotttayam, Trivandurm, Kollam and Kozhikode. The beautiful canals and rivers embellished with the palm trees and the typical life style of the villagers would be a definite treat for every tourists. The Chinese fishing net is a spectacular thing which is still used by the fisherman. There is popular boat cruise operating between Alappuzha and Kollam .The tourist would be thrilled by the captivating beauty of the serene, warm and bright rejuvenating freshness. The very nature of Kuttanadu is an icon of simplicity of life and will be an amazing experience to the tourists. The vast area of paddy field would be definitely a feast for their eyes. The backwaters have a network of forty four rivers, lagoons and lakes in Kerala . There are 29major lakes on the backwaters and is stretched over a total expanse of 1500 kms. Being the most prominent backwater resource in Alleppy, there are more facilities and infrastructure developed by the Government as well as the private sector .To explore the immediate ambience of the very village of Kuttanadu which has ramification of beautiful rivers and canals every nook and cranny of its land. The greenery, culture, cuisine and the custom would be rare and leave the tourist with a indelible memory of the Gods own Country. According to the WTTC, tourism accounted for 13.6 per cent of global GDP, 14.0 per cent of the total world exports and 11.4 per cent of global employment in the year 2008. In 2009, the travel and tourism generates 248 million direct and indirect jobs worldwide, accounting for 10.8 percent of global employment, and contribute up to 12.4 per cent of global GDP .In 2007 there were 76.1 million job generated in travel and tourism industries and this is 2.7% of total employment .It is believed that it would increase by 2.8% and there will 86.6million jobs would be created by 2017 in the travel and tourism sector. It is estimated world travellers will spend over US$ 7,864.3 billion as per estimates of WTTC for year 2007.According to the same estimate; the global travel and tourism activity is expected to increase by 4.7 per cent between 2009 and 2016. Indian Tourism Industry The tourism industry is growing at an incredible speed .In the next 5 to 10 years it is expected to generate an income $89.9billion (World Travel and Tourism Council). The reason for the splendid growth is due to the increase in travellers confidence and expecting GDP over 8% for the upcoming years. The report has also cited that the growth in number of arrival of tourists in India has ensured a bright year ahead for the tourism industry. The steady inflow of foreign tourists witnessed in the last two decades is due to a number of factors. The vivid Indian culture is imperative in attracting foreign tourists from around the globe to India. The splendid beauty of the virgin countryside and the matchless monuments lures the leisure tourists to the holy land. Moreover the promotion campaigns like Incredible India has made India Global and helped in boosting the tourism industry of the country. There has been a remarkable growth in the recent years in foreign tourist arrivals to India due to the various efforts made by the Ministry, Indias campaign in overseas markets. Incredible India is a multi-pronged promotional campaign launched by the Ministry in order to position the country as a preferred tourist destination for the travellers the world over. As a result of all such efforts, Indias share in international tourist arrivals, which was 0.49 per cent in 2005, has increased to 0.65 per cent during 2009. The foreign tourist arrivals has increased by about 65 per cent from a level of 3.92 million in 2005 to 5.40 million in 2008. In the year 2009, it has risen to 5.90million, registering an impressive increase of around 13 per cent. Similarly, the foreign exchange earnings from tourism have also shown a phenomenal growth from US$ 6569.34 million in 2006 to US$ 7407.82 million in 2007, achieving an increase of 14.6 per cent. PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment There are many factors in the macro-environment that will affect and influence the operation and functioning of tourism industry. The government should address the issues involving legality of the operation system and strategies: Political factors. These refer to government policy such as the degree of intervention in the economy. The policies and procedures of the tourism industry monitored by the government .There will be always debatable issues between the political parties .So is one of the deciding factors whether there is a strong political party leading government to take strong decision in favour of the development of the tourism industry. Economic factors. These include interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates. The economic status of the country would affect the tourist. Social factors. Changes in social trends can be a major issue in the tourism industry .The social environment should be appealing and amicable where the tourist wants to get satisfied with their need as presumably the happiness is the ultimate demand. Technological factors: The new technologies like information technology have an important role in the promotion of the tourism industry. Online information online booking of the hotel and the boats or any other event which could possibly attract the tourist. Environmental factors: Environmental factors include the weather and climate change. Changes in temperature can impact tourism. With major climate changes occurring due to global warming and with greater environmental awareness this external factor is becoming a significant issue for firms to consider. Legal factors: Certain pertaining stringent rules may obstruct the influx of tourist. The common legal aspect of the country might be an inhibition for the tourist to coup with. So it is important for the decision makers to make laws in favour of promoting the tourism industry. CONCLUSION The evaluation of tourism industry unravels the truth that there is a great and incredible potential to explore in tourism industry in business oriented way. The tourism industry would definitely bring up with a considerable income and generate a large amount of employment in the country. The unique product of kuttanadu and its backwaters promising the tourist to satisfy their need with its authentic presentation of houseboat kettuvallam. The industry is influenced by different elements in the macro environment. The sustainable development is definitely controlled of affected by these factors. There is lot of demerit which should be addressed in view of the hosts perspectives. The PESTEL factors influence the industry, there are recent issues emerged to the people of the kuttanadu with the waste products dumped by the tourists which would damage the environment and it could bring a server pollution to the environment. The use of plastic utensils and other equipment will affect the environment. The plastic products wastage will not disintegrate in the soil, it will destroy the environment. To monitor these factors the model of Eco-tourism should be promoted more emphatically. The tourists are encouraged to have the Kerala cuisine on the banana leaves as the natives do and the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation is promoting this effort. The tourism industry has got tremendous potential to explore. The private sector and the government sector are equally interested in investing in the growing industry. The extra ordinary and unique features of the event and nature of the place has got an incredible opportunity to promise to the people of Kerala and the travellers seeking for the peace of mind and body. The culture, heritage, typical arts and geographical features contribute a lot to the tourism industry. More than ever important element is the human resource and the very famous-the epoch making hospitality of the State is making the tourist so happy and excited and once they visit, they would come back with thousands. All the virtues lies with the Gods own Country. REFERENCE R Harris,T Griffins, P Williams., 2002 Sustainable tourism a global perspective 2nd edition, Elsevier Science Ltd. C Cooper, J Feltcher, A Fyall, D Gilbert, S Wanhill., 2008 Tourism principles and practices 4th edition, Prentice hall. http://wayanad.nic.in/index.htm http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/rsus http://www.kabani.org/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=58Itemid=69 http://www.visitscotland.org/about_us/our_focus/sustainable_tourism.aspx http://www.wessex.ac.uk/10-conferences/sustainable-tourism-2010.html www.keralatourism.org. www.wttc.org www.tourismofindia.com http://www.bharatonline.com/kerala-backwater- tours/index.html