Public Sentiments Concerning Chinese Immigration Essay -- Immigration

Public Sentiments Concerning Chinese Immigration In 1852, there were over 20,000 Chinese immigrants living in California (Franks). Americans reacted very negatively to this influx, and their negative sentiments were made apparent in the California Supreme Courts People v. hall verdict, which rendered Chinese affidavit unreliable. Then, in 1882, President Chester Arthur signed the Chinese Exclusion Act, a law that prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the United States (Foner, 651). From the 1850s up to the Exclusion Act of 1882, Americans felt increasingly negative sentiments towards the Chinese. As illustrated through newspaper and magazine depictions along the Pacific Coast, the Americans perceived the Chinese as inferior and jeopardise and they felt endanger and invaded by their large numbers. In the image Chinese Candy Man from Harpers Magazine, a Chinese man is depicted selling list canuy to white children. This image illustrates how Americans viewed the Chine se as an intellectually inferior race. The Chinese mans alleged skin tone is a very all-important(prenominal) feature because his skin is black. The skin tone illustrates how the Americans viewed the Chinese as an inferior race by categorizing them with blacks in their eyes, the Chinese were subordinate like the slaves. The People vs. Hall verdict as well as reinforced this categorization the California Supreme Court ruled that a white man could not be convicted on the testimony of a Chinese witness. Black slaves did not have the right to testify in court this restriction was now being applied to Chinese people as well. This verdict claimed that they were intellectually unreliable and inferior to the proper white man, which is also shown in the illustrated Chinese ... ...ng with the first picture, it also depicts the Chinese as menacing and conniving people. These negative sentiments are also reinforced by events that occurred during the time, such as the previously mentioned S eclusion Act and the People v Hall trial. They also degrade the Chinese man by depicting him as a crawling creature and by categorizing them with the black slaves.Works CitedFranks, Joel. The Orient, Hawaii and Antebellum US to 1860. 29 Nov. 2011. Lecture.The Chinese Candy Man. 1868. database on-line (The Chinese in California, accessed 2 December 2011) ready(prenominal) http//lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/award99/cubhtml/cichome.html, image ID cubcic brk5353.Amusing the Child. 1882. database on-line (The Chinese in California, accessed 2 December 2011) available http//lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/award99/cubhtml/cichome.html, image ID cubcic brk1522.

How do You Define an American? Essay -- Definition Essays

How do You Define an American?What is an American? This question cannot be answered by one word. There are so many different characteristics, qualities, and features that can be used to describe an American. Besides features, someone is only a accepted American if they take advantage of all of the many privileges that are given to them. Any person that is not grateful for the privileges that are given to them to me are not real Americans but this is only my opinion. Real Americans use their privileges to benefit themselves and everyone around them. In todays society there are certain things that are expected from American citizens, for instance being a responsible citizen.Being responsible is a very important part of being an American. There are many goods that you are given when living in America, and with these rights you are expected to be responsible and not abuse them. One right that you shouldnt abuse is your right to vote. This is something that many of us take for granted. Having to make this choice you are expected to make the responsible decision. The only person that it would hurt if you dont take this type of thing seriously is yourself. on with this privilege of voting on whom you want to run our country, you are then expected to take the responsibility to fight in war if ever needed. This is on the button a small price to pay for the right to decide of whose running the country. J Rockefeller Jr. describes this good in this quote, I believe that every right i...

Death Essay -- Psychology, Anxiety

Death is an inescapable event in human bread and butter. Human beings, to a certain extent, are afraid of the unpredictable and essential termination issues and deadly threats. Reason behind the worry is due to the difficulty to find a definitive answer of a question on life and close (Becker, 1973). We aware their ultimate fate of n wizardxistence and deaths often occurs uncontrollably. In order to explain the death anxiety, terror management theory (TMT) was developed to assist to answer the humans psychological reaction on the existential terror of mortality issue (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986 Pyszczynski, Greenberg & Solomon, 1999). According to TMT, conceit is a defensive motive in tackling the everyday life threats. It is a subjective concept that individual is being a valuable part in the world. Human animals obtain self-esteem mainly from their individual belief on ethnical worldview symbolic perception on the society shared by groups of people (Greenberg & Solomon, 1999). Individuals believed that their own set of cultural worldview is the only true value in the society. They feel that they are the valuable units engaging in the culture worldview and hence the perceptual construction maintains self-esteem of one self as well as providing defensive function to the death anxiety. Since self-esteem is derived from a strong perception on conceptual belief, it is able to serve up as a psychological buffer that protects people against the awareness and negative feelings towards death (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1995). It is strong enough to shield peoples anxiety from death reminders (i.e. mortality salience). When there is mortality salience, people enhance their self-esteem as a defensive reaction against the death... ...l to restore the emotion stability (Taubman et al., 2002). Secure alliance behaviour of relationship partners served as distress-regulation function to deal with anxieties encounter in the environment. It is asserted that the role of self-esteem in TMT and the role of secure attachment on proximity maintenance share the function of minimizing anxiety. The mechanism of distress regulation on securely attached behavior is able to generalize the fear of death (Mikulincer, Florian, & Tolmacz, 1990). Similar to the notion suggested by TMT, individuals required higher self-esteem to defend against death anxiety. Also, people with higher self-esteem elicit less death anxiety than the one with lower self-esteem since the positive self-evaluation provides an emotional buffer to minimize the anxiety. Secure attachment behaviour is also the buffer to negative emotions.

The Economic Impact Of The Olympic Games Essay -- Olympics Economy

The economical Impact of the Olympic GamesMissing GraphsWith the Olympic games being held in Sydney this year, I wondered if perhaps the execution of the economy was being affected in part by the fiscal stimulus provided by Olympic construction in Sydney and other parts of the country. Australias economy has been performing considerably recently, suggesting that there might be some effect. Over the last five years, harvest-tide in Australias gross municipal product has averaged 4.35%, almost a full point above its thirty year annual average of 3.5%, and the unemployment rate is near a cristal year low. According to one estimate, the Olympics will tack on an additional six and a half billion dollars, about 1.6% of the GDP, to Australias GDP everywhere the 1994-2000 period. A natural question to ask is if this growth is due primarily to the Olympic preparation, or if, instead, it is a result of some other change in policy, or perhaps just plain old luck.One way to address this question is to see if other host countries have experienced increases in GDP around Olympic years. Below is a graph of one measure of the boost to GDP that countries receive from hosting the Olympics. Each point represents the average, over every(prenominal) of the host countries since 1952, rate of growth of GDP. What this graph suggests is that prior to the Olympics and during the Olympic year GDP growth is higher than average - maxing out at nearly 1.5% above average GDP in the 3rd year before the Olympics. This number seems consistent with the estimates for Sydney - at least prior to the Olympic year. However, the graph also suggests that growth rates are lower in the years after the Olympics, than in the years prior to the games. The economic benefits of the 2000 Olympics can be classified as propose and indirect. Direct benefits include the impact of the Olympics on exports, investment and employment. In terms of exports, the main impact will be inbound tourism, sponsorship fees, media broadcast rights, and ticket sales. The represent of the Olympics will encourage more international tourists to visit Australia. Sponsorship fees received from international sources were strong leading up to the Olympics and according to the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), broadcast rights, well-nigh one billion dollars in value, were recorded as exports in September quarter 2000. Ticket sale sold to overseas visitors,... ...tself. Importantly, the benefits will continue well into the new millennium as Australia gets more international exposure for its exports and gains from the transfer of technology and knowledge from the worlds best. Opportunity beckons for the athletes, for exporters, for artists, for scientists and for the whole Australian community.BibliographyArthur Anderson / CREA (1999) Economic Impact Study of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. January 1999. Arthur Anderson and the Centre for Regional Economic Analysis, University of Tasmania. Dabkowski, S and K etchell, M (1999) Olympic Dream May Not Deliver Riches. The Melbourne Age.Gittins R (1999) Swifter high Richer? Sadly Not With Our Games. May 8 1999, Sydney Morning Herald.Mules,T The Economic Impact of Special Events . Griffith University, Gold Coast Queensland.Olympic Co-ordination Authortiy (OCA) (1999) State of Play A brood to the People of New South Wales June 1999, OCA, Sydney.Reserve Bank of Australia (1999) The Economic Effects of Staging the Olympic Games Semi-Annual Statement of Monetary Policy, May 1999, Reserve Bank, Sydney.

Advantages of a Public Limited Company (Plc) :: Business and Management Studies

Advantages of a Public Limited Company (Plc)Tesco is a public circumscribed company (plc). A lot of big companies gopublic. This is because unlike a private limited, a plc is able toadvertise the sale of shares and sell them to members of the generalpublic though the stock exchange.Advantages of a Public Limited Company (Plc) Shares mountain be advertised Shares can be sold through the stock exchange Large plcs may find it easier to borrow from banks Shareholders have limited liability Cheaper borrowing and bulk purchasingDisadvantages of a Public Limited Company (Plc) Going public can be expensive Some plcs can grow so large that they may become difficult to manage effectively Risk of takeover by rival companies who have bought shares in the companyA lot of companies go public. This is because of all the advantages ontop. The shares can be advertised so that means more throng will inferit and might invest in it. The shares can be sold through the stockexchange. This means it i s open to the public and its not only thepeople who get invited can by its share. Tesco can find it easier toborrow from banks because the banks know that they will get theirmoney back with there interest. There are several(prenominal) different types of owner ship. They are* sole traders* Parternership* Private limited companies* Public limited companies (Tescos)* Co-operative* Not for profit or a charity* FranchiseSole traderA Sole Trader is a business that is owned by only 1 person. They areresponsible for everything that goes on in the business. An precedent ofa sole trader is usually an off licence, taxi driver, sweet shop etc. Advantages of a Sole Trader--------------------------- Easy to set up no legal formalities of fees Own boss and can make all the decisions Keep all profits Can be set up with relatively little capital Personal contact with customers can encourage consumer loyaltyDisadvantages of a Sole Trader------------------------------ Owner have limited pecuniary resource and may find it difficult to borrow money from banks Owner have to work long hours and cannot afford to be sick The owner have untrammeled liability The owner must be a jack of all trades Small businesses are often unable to benefit from bulk purchase discounts. confederacy-----------A partnership is a business owned by two or more people. There can bea maximum of 19 people in a partnership. Forming a partnership is onesolution to overcoming certain disadvantages associated with running a

Advantages of a Public Limited Company (Plc) :: Business and Management Studies

Advantages of a Public Limited order (Plc)Tesco is a national contain company (plc). A lot of big companies gopublic. This is because unlike a private contain, a plc is able toadvertise the sale of shares and sell them to members of the generalpublic though the descent fill in.Advantages of a Public Limited Company (Plc) Shares can be advertised Shares can be sold through the stock exchange Large plcs may find it easier to borrow from banks Shareholders have limited liability Cheaper borrowing and bulk purchasingDisadvantages of a Public Limited Company (Plc) Going public can be expensive Some plcs can grow so large that they may become difficult to discern effectively Risk of takeover by rival companies who have bought shares in the companyA lot of companies go public. This is because of totally the advantages ontop. The shares can be advertised so that means more people allow seeit and might invest in it. The shares can be sold through the stockexchange. This means it is open to the public and its not only thepeople who get invited can by its share. Tesco can find it easier toborrow from banks because the banks know that they will get theirmoney back with there interest. There are several different types of owner ship. They are* Sole traders* Parternership* Private limited companies* Public limited companies (Tescos)* Co-operative* Not for profit or a charity* FranchiseSole traderA Sole Trader is a business that is owned by only 1 person. They areresponsible for everything that goes on in the business. An example ofa sole trader is usually an off licence, taxi driver, sweet expose etc. Advantages of a Sole Trader--------------------------- Easy to set up no legal formalities of fees Own boss and can make all the decisions Keep all profits Can be set up with relatively little capital Personal contact with customers can encourage consumer inscriptionDisadvantages of a Sole Trader------------------------------ Owner have limited funds and may find it difficult to borrow money from banks Owner have to prevail long hours and cannot afford to be sick The owner have unlimited liability The owner must be a jack of all trades olive-sized businesses are often unable to benefit from bulk purchase discounts.Partnership-----------A partnership is a business owned by two or more people. There can bea maximum of 19 people in a partnership. Forming a partnership is onesolution to overcoming legitimate disadvantages associated with running a

Australian company Law

Due to the constitution of the transitory issues that have been faced by the workers from their shift from gambling casino Limited to caterers Limited, a solution regarding their salary and remuneration potful only be solved through the application of the company law.Australian corporate and company constitute a divergent legislation due to the genius of the mercantile activities in Australia. Perhaps, the amendment of the commonwealth workplace Act in Australia has led to diversified laws regarding the employer and his employee. Due to these amendments, employees are therefore faced with different legal requirement in regard to their work.The company law is responsible for the regulation of the corporate governance and the general administration of the company. Within the corporation are different stakeholders who are responsible in practiceing different duties.This groups work together cordially and in harmony with an opposite to ensure the smooth running of the corporation. In the corporation, different parties should perform different duties. In their performance of the duties, these parties are guided by different rights which ensure no conflict within the company. (Ferran, 1999)Among the parties to the company are the employees. Like otherwise employees in a company the employees of the Casino Limited whom have been divided with some becoming subordinate employees of the caterers limited, are entitled to specific rights in their credit rating of them as been workers in the company. To them they are entitled to good working environment and a remuneration which best improves their lives as workers.To the case between these employees and the Casino Limited, the employees had entered in to a contractual relationship with the concern of the company in regard to their ruminations. In this contract, they were to be paid wages and salaries that were to be in excess of other workers in similar resorts in Australia.This comes only to an agreement after a long dispute in relation to it with its employees. However, the akin contract is breached by the management after it expands to form another subsidiary company which is however all told owned by the Casino Ltd. (Ferran, 1999)By statutes of the company law, any subsidiary company wholly owned by the mother company with all its profits diverted to the mother company is in itself regulated in the same manner as the other subsidiary. Since caterers Ltd falls under this category, it has no other authority except to undertake its business in regard to the business law regulating the Casino ltd.In the company law, there are some basic concepts that denote whether two or more subsidiary companies should be operated under the same business law. Firstly, the nature of directorship, where a subsidiary company with directions appointed from the broader company. Company law states that, such a company is in a close regard to its mother company.Secondly, the nature of profit shares, in which, i f subsidiary company pulls all its profit turnovers to the mother company, it implies equality in management and therefore should be guided by the same company laws as its mother company. Equality in trading operations where the subsidiary company operates the same business undertaking as the other. Either, the nature of management, where two or more companies are under the same management, they are subject to same company law.Implied here is that, Casino and Caterers limited implied one and the same organization whose operations were to be as per the regulations of the same company law. The structure of the corporate governance in these two companies was the same. (Cheffins, 1997)

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been

The dramatic irony of Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? conveys the tone of strugglening about temptation. Connies power is that she does non feel appreciated at home and uses her looks and actions to get attention and appreciation from boys as yet if it is short-term. She is self-conscious about her looks and is constantly worried about how opposite people perceive her. virtuosos fantasy is that Connie will willingly go with him and be his retirer (605) even before he officially met her.The human race of the situation is that she does not want to go with this strange man, but is being forced into it because of her fear, which makes her weak and submissive. Connie is fifteen years old and translucently self-conscious because of the love that she never receives at home. Her whole life revolves around attention from boys since she does not feel loved at home. Her sister June appears to be the favorite in the family, as she receives all of the positive attention. Conni es mother doesnt speak kindly to Connie or about Connie, and Connie doesnt think well of her mother either.Her father does whatever he wad to please Connie but doesnt seek for a good father-daughter relationship. They never talk about what is happening in their lives and act as if they be except acquaintances. Connie wants to appear older and wiser than she actually is and her head is always full of meaningless daydreams to help her cope. Her promiscuity leads to attraction from boys and older men where she constitutes terrified and realizes that she is not as grown up as she thought.Connie comes face to face with the harshreality of being forced into adulthood at the age of fifteen because of the special attention of Arnold Friend. 2 Arnold Friend is a smooth talker and has a great influence on the actions of his victims. His word choice appeals to teenagers as does his vestments. He is a short and stocky abuse who stuffs his boots to make him seem taller and wears a leather jacket to look recent and desirable to teenage girls. The fact that his feet do not touch the bottom of his boots alludes to the displeases hoofs, significant in that he resembles the devils ability to deceive. striket hem in on me. Dont hog. Dont crush. Dont bird dog. Dont trail me (608) are slang that he rattles off because he momentarily forgets what sayings are commonplace so he reconciles by making them up on his own. He has a moment when he breaks down in front of Connie and starts to lose his cool, calm, and roll up personality pictureing his panic in possibly not being able to get his way. This shows that he is narrow-minded and does not settle for anything that he does not approve of.His main focus is on retrieving girls for rape and murder and always goes for the attention-seeking personalities to make it easier to reach this goal. Friend is living a fantasy, while Connie asserts the reality of the situation. When these worlds mix, it is obvious that Connie does not have control and Friend becomes dominant. Friends alternate world is made up of his liking to have dates and lovers (605) when in actuality, he forces women to show him affection by kidnapping them, raping them, and then killing them.Friends forceful words show how he is caught in this dream of what Connie is going to do with him and how suddenly it will all work out in the end when in all actuality, Connie has no intention of willingly going with him. He continuously harps on the fact that he is going to get his way because he insists that his dreams are true. E really time he talks about his fantasy, Connie has a bold instruction declaring that she is willing to fight against his dream and 3 bring it back down to a reality as she tries to reason with him. Friend has the gift of persuasion where his greatest tools for manipulation are his words.He promises (607) that he will not harm Connie as long as she does not follow through with what he considers threatening. Connie separat es her mind from her tree trunk because she suddenly loses control. She is used to being on top and empowered but Friend comes along and takes over. The dramatic irony, during the course of their conversation, implies that Connie was in control of the situation to come with, but Friend managed to obtain ultimate control of the situation by having her succumb to his power. Modern culture promotes having fun and doing what feels good in the moment.Connie has poor chat with her family, shown by her rebellious behavior and lack of respect for her parents. She chooses to distance herself from her family which results in them not being there when she needs them the most. Parents are supposed to be protectors and leading in their childrens lives and when these key aspects are not present, a window is opened for the victimization of younker. The consequences of such situations result in a predicament worry Connies and becomes an immense concern for the effects that modern culture has on youth.Where Are You Going, Where Have You BeenWhere are you going, Where have you been The Medias effect on youth In this 1966 short story written by Joyce Carol Oates, fifteen-year-old Connie is a self-absorbed teenager who spends her time fantasizing about romance and searching for attention from men. go out with a suitor, a strange man promises her, Im gonna get you, baby (2). Connie doesnt think much of the incident until one day while alone at home the man comes to get her. The assailant, Arnold Friend, is kind at first then progressively becomes aggressive and violent towards her.Though at first she enjoys Arnolds attention, once his demands become sexual and violent, her confidence diminishes. While Connie attempts to evade Arnolds commands, she becomes powerless against the man and eventually follows him to go for a ride (3). While Where are you going, Where have you been, appears to plainly be a tragic story about the abduction and rape of a young girl, it is much imp ortantly a statement of the time on the over-sexualization in the media.From the time period the story was written, the 1960s, we know that society as a whole was exploding with counter-culture and rebellion. In response to the Vietnam War, for the first time in history, harmony apace became highly influential and that of a sexual nature. This first wave of over-sexualized media is what influenced Connie and millions of the time to exploit their sexuality. The youth of the time period are commonly thought of as being extremely responsive to the world around them.With practice of medicine being more suggestive than in the past and young people being more expressive and experimental, Connie grew up in a drastically changing world complete with the need to be sexual and to really stand out in order to be noticed. Media became more widespread and important in the 60s than it had ever been before. When the TV and radio werent focusing on the war efforts in Vietnam, they showed the you ths protest, and push to Make Love, Not War an iconic phrase that illustrates the push towards sexuality during that time.Connie, an adolescent of this explosive period, is a gear up example of sexualization in the media having a negative effect on a person. It is her need to be desired that makes her appealing to Arnold Friend, and leads to her demise later in the story. harmony is a major(ip) theme in the story Connie constantly listens to music and associates music with pleasure in multiple instances. At one point, she even says she listened to the music that made everything so good (2). Upon Arnolds arrival we see that he is listening to the same music as Connie, which serves as a way to concern them.Since music plays such a prevalent role in Connies life, we can conclude that music is the media that influences her to behave in a sexual manner. From the music that she listens to, Bobby King, we get the impression that she links her idea of romance (that derives from the music she listens to) to the confidence and maturity she pretends to have when it comes to boys. Music plays in every situation where she intends to be sexually desired while out with boys, out with her friend searching for attention, while laying out in her backyard, and even at the radical of her conversation with Arnold.Music and Connies sexuality are inextricable tied togetheronce Connie becomes frightened of Arnold and is no longer exploiting her sexuality, there is no further mention of music in the story. While it is understood that Arnold will most likely harm Connie, he also is whisking her away (or saving her) from a morally loose societythat very same society that made her the over-sexualized girl we see in the beginning of the story.Everything about Connie indicates that she has been socialized into how the media thinks a young girl should befrom her suggestive clothing to her desperate attempt to be sexually desirable to the male population. Despite what she leads on, Conni e is actually sexually innocent. Her innocence is echoed by her child-like naivety of opening her front entre to a complete stranger while alone, as well as the fear that consumes her while she could have been calling the police to prevent her murder.Arnolds desire for the young Connie may be Oates way of portraying how perverse the medias ploy to sexualize Americas youth is as well. The Lolita Effect is even a relatively recent concept. A lolita is a young girl who is viewed in a sexual manner, while the lolita effect is not only the corruptness of a child by an adult, but exploiting an adult by a child that has been corrupted by society. Connie exploits her sexuality so well in the beginning of the story. It is her sexualization at such a young age that causes Arnold to find her attractive and is the real life tragedy that comes from the story.By the end of the story, as the title suggests, Connie undergoes a major change. She ties to be an adult, but when Arnold challenges her with sexual advances, we see the frightened child she is. Arnold is merely an agent to portray the evils that exist in the media. He illuminates the fact that our cultures media gives young girls the unattainable idea that they must behave in a certain way in order to be attractive, and that a man conclusion them sexually attractive is of upmost importance even as a pre-teen.The sexualization of young girls causes adult men to be attracted to them, creating an even further over-sexualized society. A young girls sexuality is such a vital aspect of the maturation process a process that is malfunctioning or happening far too soon because of the media. It is the evil in the media that causes Connie to fall victim to the medias harmful portrayal of femininity. Media teaches us that being a typical young char in todays society is contingent on the amount of sexuality her appearance exudes.Connie so perfectly replicates how young girls in America that are being over-sexualized through mu sic or television without even being aware of it. The tragic way that Connie is stripped of her childhood suggests that where you are going, is dependent on where you have been. In Where are you going, Where have you been? Oates does a terrific job of hyperbolizing the affects of the medias influence while pointing out the very unexaggerated truth that over-sexualization in the media is detrimental to all aspects of society.

Marriage and Family

The definition of family is a problematic issue for many scholars because of the complexity of the phenomenon and diversity of various family forms. With the continuing discussion of the possibility of frolicsome families, the family is going to undergo an even much drastic redefinition. However, most families, irrespective of their form, leave al angiotensin converting enzyme share some common features that allow researchers to group them together.The definition of the US number Bureau states that the family is a a group of two people or more related by birth, marriage, or borrowing and residing together (Flora & Segrin, p. 5). Therefore, to cut back for a family people engage to be connected with ties of blood or law and live together otherwise, people living together will be considered non-family households. Since the definition is structural, it resides on the inner structure of the unit and is therefore more straightforward than other attempts to define family.Family form s are also most frequently fit(p) by structural ties. Thus, scholars distinguish the family of origin that refers to relatives who are connected by blood or traditional sociolegal contracts such as marriage or adoption (Flora & Segrin, p. 6). This form usually describes the family into which one is born.There is also a nuclear family that includes two heterosexual parents and one or more children (Flora & Segrin, p. 7). Nuclear families are distinguished kickoff of all by the presence of two or one-parent, thus falling into two- or single-parent households. The latter type has spread with increase in the divorce rank from 11% of all families to 16% in the period from 1970 to 2000 (Flora & Segrin, p. 7). Two-parent families may not necessarily include childrens biological parents at times, they will be remarriage, or step-families. Families can also be child-free, which includes a married couple who voluntarily decides not to leave children (Flora & Segrin, p. 7).The above defin ition of the nuclear family refers to monogamous families that are typically considered the norm in the West. In a monogamous family, each partner will have only one spouse. In a polygamous family, a man can have more than one wife or vice versa. This is the case, for instance, in Muslim families where a man will often manage more than one wife.A nuclear family contrast with multigenerational family households where representatives of many generations live together under one roof, and families include grandchildren and grandparents living together, or even great-grandchildren and great-grandparents. The nuclear family became more widespread in the industrial epoch and reached its height in the 1950s when more and more young families began to live apart from their parents. Most will withal keep the contact between their nuclear unit and extended family a group of all other relatives in addition to parents and children, most notably aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents, in-laws etc .Depending on the form of legal relationship between the people of the opposite or same sex living together, a couple can be class as a cohabitating family. In this family, partners are not bound to each other by any form of legal contract. This form has pro actionrated of late as people have begun to see marriage bonds as less and less compulsory. Gay or lesbian families are couples including individuals of the same sex that live together, sometimes also with children. In most cases, such families will be based on the sexual intercourse and emotional commitment.Another family form on the rise like a shot is the adoptive family in which a couple will adopt one or more children, sometimes in addition to the children they already have. Adoptions can also be biracial and international, meaning that kids are from a different race and country than their adoptive parents (Walsh, p. 17).The abundance of various family types testifies to the important role of the family in the life of peo ple. forthwiths reality has seen increasing acceptance of diverse family forms. These forms have come to replace the traditional nuclear family structure with different patterns.2. .The traditional the Statesn family in the past decades has undergone profound transformation. Due to the rising divorce rates, more and more children will live in single-family households as well as those where parents will re-marry. Blended families where children of both remarried parents live together are also becoming more common. The proliferation of new family types replacing the traditional nuclear family requires of family members more aptitude for adjustment.At present, America has the highest divorce rate on the globe. This change has translated into rise of single-family households that in 1990 accounted for 23 percent of all Caucasian families, 33 percent of all Hispanic families, and 61 percent of all African American families (Faruque 1999). Single-parent households headed by working mothe rs are still more likely to have incomes below poverty level than two-parent households this excess factor pushes more women toward remarriage.On average, an American child will spend five years in a single-parent household. The divorce of biological parents is often followed by the re-marriage of one or both parents, which leads to an increase in step-parenting. As of 1999, slightly over 40 percent of all current marriages in the United States were 2nd and third marriages (Faruque 1999). Quite often, remarriage will result in the formation of the blended family involving not only the two spouses, but also their children and perhaps aging relatives to care for.Partners how have formed such a family will often find themselves stressed to cope with the increased burden and have less time to devote to their children. As a result, remarried and blended families have many things to cope with that are not a problem to traditional families the need to find contact with children of the new spouse, need to blend children in if there are children in custody on both sides, coping with new relatives and so on.Remarriage will often result in households where children live with their mother and her new husband, although father-stepmother arrangements are also possible. Stepfamily Association estimates that about 30% of American children live in stepfamilies (Rainbows). According to data from the US Census Bureau, 20% of the children in two-parent households living with one natural parent and one step parent (Rainbows). Another statistical fact is that slightly more than 40% of all current marriages are second or third marriages (Rainbows).Step-parenting is a challenge to many who find the child an additional complication to an otherwise quick new relationship. For children, living in a new household with a step parent may also be problematic because they are trap by their feelings of love and identification with the absent biological parent and the growing attachment to th e stepparent (Faruque 1999).All these data demonstrate that divorce and remarriage are a powerful thin in the development of the American family, and quite soon the traditional family with two parents and their biological children may recede into the past or remain a minority. Todays parenting is associated with many complex issues such as handling children who demonstrate an adverse reaction to the new parent or stepsiblings. On the other hand, the changing family patterns increasingly cause emotional disturbance among children that are likely to experience emotional, learning or other behavioural problems because of divorce and/or remarriage in their families. The changing family situation requires a greater variety of skills on the part of parents and children in order to cope with shifts and new family structures less painfully. BibliographyFaruque, Cathleen Jo. The Changing Of Americas Families. 26 May 2006 http//www.selfhelpmagazine.com/articles/parenting/families.html.Flor a, Jeanne, and Chris Segrin. Family Communication. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2005.Rainbows. A Generation at Risk. 26 May 2006Walsh, Froma. Normal Family Processes Growing Diversity and Complexity. New York Guilford Press, 2003.

Discuss the ideal knowledge management environment

In todays increasing competitive environment and the new economy of brick and click enterprises, experience charge (KM) tummy be considered as a concern integration discipline which endeavours, to improve the performance of idiosyncratics and organisations by maintaining and leveraging the present and future appreciate of experience assets (Newman, B. , Conrad, K. W. , 1999, p. 2). While people have criticised information and association worry as the same thing, intimacy management is non a new practice more over rather the interpretations of acquaintance management and its frameworks have incessantly changed.Successful brick and click enterprises argon those which frequently management knowledge and recognises knowledge as a cite and integration tool to driving the growth and sustainability of rail line disciplines, and hence acknowledges the high uncertainties of change between the input resources and the business performance outcomes, and, the gaps between the value these enterprises lay down and the value demanded by changing market conditions, consumer preferences, competitive offerings, changing business models, and, industry structures (Malhorta, Y. 2004).However, the knowledge creation process does not necessarily lead to business improvements or value creation (Chen, C. J. , Huang, J. W. , 2007), nevertheless more on how knowledge is handled, circulated and applied within a realistic environment, enabling knowledge flows between the individual and its organisational culture.Therefore, it is the purpose of this essay to discuss the ideal environment, in which value can only be created when knowledge is dispersed and adequately applied where needed by use of knowledge management methods furthermore it allow acknowledge that a well-developed knowledge management system would stimulate the creative thinking of individually employee by providing incisively the knowledge that employee needs to be optimally creative (Finneran, T. Online, No Date).You can read also Portfolio Management QuizzesIn the new maturing economy the management of knowledge is a critical factor in for the success and competitive advantage of any organisation as is the generating of new knowledge to fulfil organisational objectives and to achieve greater business optimisation. match to Resnick, L. M. , (2004, p. 87), as contemporary organisations evolve to a more virtual structure, they lose and gain relationships among employees, managers, customers and suppliers on an irregular basics and without practical management, the knowledge created through these relationships go out be lost. Therefore, assembling an effective knowledge management allow enable organisations to protect themselves from the losses experienced when employees and partners terminate their relationship with the company (Resnick, L. M. , 2004, p. 288).Business Management Study aimWhile experts have argued that information and/or knowledge management practices is not only about the administration of information, but rather entails management requirements for knowledge management systems to be integrated to all aspects of the virtual environment a well-constructed knowledge management system will impede the production and collaboration of creativity across all organisational subunits. Finneran, T. (Online, No date) describes knowledge management in a nut shell where Knowledge Management envisions getting the duty Information within the Right Context to the Right Person at the Right Time for the Right Business Purpose. This view suggests the ideal environment in which individuals or group knowledge should be effectively give-up the ghostd across all organisational divisions in ways which directly impact on business performance.Essentially, the ideal knowledge management environment will cultivate and take advantage of lively and new knowledge through the implementation and combination of KM methodologies, best practices, frameworks, and technologi es that will ultimately stimulate the outgrowth of creativity and innovative ideas of human beings. In essence, the basic concept of knowledge management is about sharing knowledge to leverage existing knowledge, stimulate transformation and to achieve operational posture.As KM matures many companies will start to look at KM with a more holistic approach, but search shows that although many companies have begun to develop nearly sort of knowledge management capabilities, precise few (6%) have implemented knowledge management programs on an enterprise-wide scale (Kidwell, J. J. , Vander Linde, K. M. , Johnson, S. L. , 2000, p. 30).The plan on KM best practises should not primarily focus on one single type of initiative for competitive advantage, but instead decoct around building on the core business capabilities and processes around knowledge sharing. For instance, knowledge sharing can be achieved through the creation of a knowledge community aimed to capture knowledge fro m individuals and store in teams and the organisation taking an institutional global approach in facilitating knowledge as needed and in breaking down the cultural barriers between organisation and its customers.Finneran, T. , (Online, No Date) suggest that practitioners of Knowledge Management have found that a critical success factor in the implementation of knowledge management is the creation of a cultural environment that encourages the sharing of information. Knowledge communities can be viewed as Global communities of interest which stimulates virtual and global interactions through common categories of interest, which are not bounded and tied up to by physical and organisational impediments.Several KM best practices and trends have emerged over the last few years and are forecasted to shape the way knowledge is to be managed. It includes the materialisation of technology solutions, the union of knowledge management with e-business, movement from express KM projects to enter prise-wide project and increasing the use of KM to enhance innovation and of tactic knowledge rather than unadorned knowledge. (Kidwell, J. J. , Vander Linde, K. M. , Johnson, S. L. , 2000, p. 29).Generally, knowledge can be very difficult to codify and can also be very highly subjective. Two type of knowledge which is recognised in KM are explicit and tactic, and when applied productively within an organisation it can help to increase competitive advantage through innovation and knowledge sharing. Ideally, tactic knowledge would recrudesce guide actions and make better informed decisions based on the ability utilise on perception, hands-on skills, experiences, know-hows, insights and so on.Tactic knowledge is personal, difficult to formalise, communicate and transfer ultimately it is knowledge that is embedded within people in an organisation. Seonghee, K. , (1999) suggests that KM best practices draw on tactic knowledge for creativity and ensures tasks effectiveness that the r ight things are being done so that work unit could attain its objectives. It also provides for a kind of creative robustness intuition and heuristic program can often tackle tough problems that would otherwise be difficult to solve.Functionally, knowledge management frameworks offer a myriad of possibilities for organisations and help to build the one of knowledge dispersal and application within an organisation, providing the countless benefits in applying a KM framework which builds on the concept of knowledge management in specifics to the organisational environment, its business processes and activities.With the paradigm shift and phenomenon of the need and understanding of knowledge management over the last several years, many experts have proposed a number of approaches to KM frameworks, each of which have only addressed certain aspects of knowledge management. Holsapple, C. W. , and Joshi, K. D. , (1999, p. ) broadly classifies KM frameworks into two categories descriptive frameworks which attempts to characterise the nature of the KM phenomena with additional sub categories including placard and specific frameworks to describe the whole of the KM phenomena, and prescriptive frameworks stipulates the methodologies for performing knowledge management.For instances, the Core Capabilities and Knowledge Building framework initiated by Leonard-Barton, D. (1995), and as described in Holsapple, C. W. , and Joshi, K. D. , (1999, p. 2) paper, focuses on the profundity in the characterisation of the KM phenomenon and therefore categorising it as a board framework. This KM framework introduced by Leonard-Barton (1995), encompasses four knowledge building activities that shape the four core capabilities, which Leonard-Barton asserts is central to a knowledge based organisation (KBO).The four knowledge building activities aimed at knowledge creation and diffusion are acknowledged in the framework as shared and creative problem solving, implementing and integrat ing new methodologies and tools, experimenting and prototyping, and importing and absorbing technologies from outside of the firms knowledge.In addition, Leonard-Barton expresses that these four knowledge building activities are influenced by the core capabilities identified in the framework as being the physical systems such(prenominal) as databases, employee knowledge and skills, managerial systems such as rewards and incentives systems, and the organisational values and norms (Holsapple, C. W. , & Joshi, K. D. , 1999, p. 2). This framework is used to better understand knowledge management and its characteristics of the implication in a KBO environment.Thus, the dynamic perspective on KM frameworks does not end with knowledge as a final solution, but instead emphasises on the continuous growth, renewal, exchange and communication processes. Hence KM frameworks can offer a structure, for balancing the myriad of technologies and approaches that provide value, tying them together int o a seamless whole. It helps analysts and designers better address the interests of stakeholders across interrelated knowledge flows and, by doing so, better enables individuals, systems and organisations to exhibit truly intelligent behavior in multiple contexts (Newman, B. & Conrad, K. W. , 1999, p. 2). Organisations are already realising that it does no good to have robust technology solutions if the existing culture prevents knowledge sharing, and conversely that it does little good to have pockets of robust knowledge sharing without some technological means of making knowledge widely accessible (Kidwell, J. J. , Vander Linde, K. M. , & Johnson, S. L. , 2000, p. 30). Therefore, it should not be assumed that technology is the enabler of KM, but should be perceived as a vehicle for driving the concept of knowledge diffusion in a KM environment.Nowadays, the outlook of promising technological tools for KM can help to support and improve the process of knowledge transfer. Technolog ical tools such as, search engines, shop media, groupware, web-based platforms, portals, emails and basic collaborative tools can help to facilitate and assist individuals and groups in the creation, retention and the diffusion of knowledge. Increasingly, the use of portals is being implemented in many incorporated environments for the convenient storage of meta-data, and integration of collaborative tools, emails, into one application.Kidwell, J. J. , Vander Linde, K. M. , & Johnson, S. L. , (2000, p. 30) also makes an interesting statement which suggests As organizations share their lessons learned about implementing knowledge management programs, some are discovering the interdependent nature of KM capabilities. They are finding that a balanced portfolio of knowledge management initiatives yields the best results and that excelling at technology-related capabilities does not preclude excelling at people- or process-related capabilities.Additionally, as more brick and click ente rprises grow, the harder it becomes to determine what technological tools, KM methods, and best practices are to be utilised in determining the needs of individuals, groups and the organisational culture, but once good strategies based on these essential principles are articulated, the requisite technologies are chosen, and information platforms and technology architectures are built accordingly, though it may sound simple it can not always guarantee the successful deployment of a KM system (Riley, T. B. , 2003, p. 4).In a learning environment KM should not be based on a technocentric approach to creating the ideal KM environment but instead use technology as a facilitator to mock up knowledge sharing and creativity for the development of innovation. The virtual enterprise should aspire to revolutionise itself into a knowledge-based environment which continually should aim to create, acquire and transfer knowledge to the right person when and where required. In creating the ideal KM environment there are many tools, methods, frameworks, and techniques which can be applied in stimulating the creativity of each employee.However, the assortments of KM methodologies which can be found through examples of other virtual organisations and case studies, does not necessarily lead to business improvements or value creation when applied to ones own virtual enterprise but more on how knowledge created is disseminated and applied across the organisational culture, between individuals and teams. In summary, KM is flying becoming a chief factor for organisations in determining their competitive advantage, and without a well-developed KM system or knowledge creation process will render the organisation from succeeding.

Influences of Language on Meaning and Perception

Language is the main communication tool which influences signification and perceptual experience. Language goat be verbal (sounds, words) and non-verbal (signs, gestures, mimic, facial nerve expression, behavior, and physical setting, etc). Interpersonal communication includes any behavior that another person perceives and interprets. As such, it is one persons understanding of what another person means. Behavior itself is a figure of communication.Interpersonal communication occurs through symbols and signs decoded by the sender and encoded by the recipient role. Using nomenclature (verbal), people name and describe objects, events and processes. Clarity and precision of presentation project a great impact on meaning and perception processes. The main problem is that the receiver can encode the testifyation differently which influences his perception and meaning of the message (Wood, 2003).So although it is true that names must precede descriptions in the sense that they pr ovide the atomic terms of a description, it is also true that roughly (possibly holophrastic) ostensive assertions must be primitive in all category naming (Guerrero 1999). Verbal communication means sending messages to another person to inform about something, to persuade people to do something, to develop positive attitudes, and to ca do other changes in peoples thinking and behavior. Following Russell (2000) one interpretation of perceptionfocuses on attending and concentrates on surveying the environment. Another focuses on interpretation and concentrates on language and mental activity after initial contact with stimuli. Viewing perception as an attending process and as an outcome of attending can both serve well (4)The speech sounds of a language vary in many ways. Only some of these differences signal a difference in meaning in the language. These be called phonemic differences. The rest of the differences are phonetic differences that are less salient, less readily perceiv ed, and less easily produced than the phonemic differences. In this case, if a person has poor articulation or speech defects the receiver can encode information is a wrong way and misinterpret the meaning. It is important that every person remember that specific words may not lead the same meaning and significance for different people.The choice of words and vocabulary is one type of symbol that possesses emotional and psychological properties. It is assertable to say that language shapes the meaning and allows the receiver to perceive its meaning. A unique pattern of language comes to be regarded as equivalent to a unique pattern in the receiver mind. Meaning and perception depends upon experience and views of the receiver and differs in what is perceived and how information is stored, and because the nature of the mapping may differ for different types of cross-modal linkages (Guerrero 1999, p. 56).I calculate that my language is clearly understood because I carefully chose vo cabulary and meaning of words. Active listening helps me to learn new words and understand their usage correctly. So, it is possible to say that if a person wishes to communicate effectively with other people (verbally or non-verbally), he must somehow put themselves in each others shoes. efficacious interpersonal communication requires that people have a common set of meanings and definitions.Such a common set of meanings derives not only from the language, but refers more than broadly to the pattern of beliefs, codes, and feelings on the basis of which people learn to live with their environment. To enlarge my vocabulary I read a lot of printed matters books, magazines, scientific article, etc, and use new words and phrases in practice. For instance, non-fiction writing has ideas followed by arguments, by examples, before returning to a second argument. Seeing the structure of paragraphs is to see the pattern of the argument. This proficiency will help me to create a clear messa ge and communicate with different people. One more important fact is that mass media is intended to be an example of language norms vocabulary and grammar.References1.Guerrero, L. K. et al. (1999). The Nonverbal Communication Reader Classic and Conteporary Readings. Waveland Press.2.Russell, Ch. (2000). CULTURE, LANGUAGE AND BEHAVIOR Perception. A Review of General Semantics, 57, 4.3.Wood, J.T. (2003). Interpersonal Communications. Wadsworth Publishing.

Three things that happened in m life, and push me to stude

What is that challenge? How is work? Is that something I can stay substructure and it will come over to me? Is that something I can be reconcile because my parents live it? My explanation about challenge could be different but I think it will work. Challenge is always people dreams but most do not complete it Challenge is your dream, is something you want died for, you sacrifice our life for You believe in, you throw away all your time for, you borrow money for, you cut in your log Zs for, and onetime you dont sleep for, First is workWhen you want, when you decide to sacrifice you life for it, and will see how work is. No is not something you can stay home and it will come to you, is something you go looking for, no topic how bad it is outside no matter how bad the whether is you wake up with it in you steer and get out looking for it, no matter how hard everything is for you go looking for it.No challenge is not something you could be befit from any parents, our parents could e well-heeled and puddles you whatever you want, you still need to know you need challenge , our parents can give you most time they have doesnt mean anything, you can have to dumbfound yourself out and looking for challenge Just like I did. Remember challenge is go back to school, or if you already at school fit for it, spend all your time on it, always have an your mine why you wake up early for? wherefore would you go to school for? Why would you do anything Jobs to survive?Why would you need to spend a lot of time in school for? Dont forget how much money you loose if you spend four years in college, and could save that money and go to work making more money, always ask yourself why would you do that for, and keep discharge in school you will see it, you will understand it, you will satisfy it, you will love it, you will say this is how challenge work. No matter how long it will take you , no matter how hard it is to do your homework, no matter how late you been , no matter how bad your grade is dont give up.

Peter Skyrznecki Essay

Our idea of belonging is a result of the choices that we make. We feel a sense of borrowing wherever we choose to belong. This is explored in Peter Skrzyneckis poem Feliks Skrzynecki and St Patricks showed the ides of alienation and belonging. They are shown through various techniques such as an allusion, direct speech and many more than poetic techniques. Feliks Skrzynecki is a poem that shows a tribute to Peter Skrzyneckis father. Through the use of powerful and vivid imagery, the poet successfully conveys Feliks as a man who is comfortable, mental ability and secure in his own identity.In this poem, concepts of belonging and not belonging occur within place, family, community and culture. The first stanza emphasizes the idea of belonging. Feliks sets standards of his own minds making. He is comfortable in belonging to his own world, his garden, family and cultural heritage. This is further emphasized through the use of the simile loved his garden like an only tike which demon strates the love he possessed for his garden. The garden can also be interpreted as Feliks constructed world a place he escapes to in methodicalness to feel a sense of belonging.The garden is also the reward for his hard work. Skrzyneckis poem St. Patricks College displays how a sense of belonging is influenced by external forces. For psyche to belong to something they must make their own decisions in life, understand their surroundings and build relationships with those slightly them. These qualities are lacked by Skrzynecki in St. Patricks College which resulted in him not belonging. Skrzynecki was sent to this school because his mother was only wanting, what was best.The direct speech is a cliche as every parent wants what is best for their child. The irony of the feature was that for eight years sending Skrzynecki to St. Patricks College Wasnt for the best. He did not understand the ways of the school which led to his lack of belonging. The repetition of the invent for eigh t years reinforces how long the alienation and detachment lasted for, the feeling of not belonging did not change for eight years. The use of the personal pronoun I end-to-end the poem gives a dreary, detached tone which emphasises his loneliness.No relationships with students, teachers or anyone else at the school were formed over his time there. The time at the school was abortive as highlighted by I could say the lords prayer in Latin, all in one breath. He claims that as what he true from eight years at the school, a useless skill. Skrzynecki found it so hard to belong to St. Patricks College because the decision to go to the school was not his own, he did not understand his surroundings and he did not build any relationships with those around him.In Conclusion the ability to belong can be abnormal by understanding, choices, culture, relationships and experience. In the poem Feliks Skrzynecki showed the sense of belonging in the respective place, like his garden. In contras t, the poem St Patricks College showed that Skrzynecki lacked in building any relationship with those around him. Peter Skrzynecki used various to show the alienation and belonging in the poems Feliks Skrzynecki and St Patricks College.

Key Principles of Economics

3 Key Elements of Economics There are m each pigment factors that stupefy up the economic system entirely which essentialiness work together in vagabond to efficaciously direct scarce inputs into wanted outputs. For this purpose the focus impart be on 3 of those key elements. this includes the idea of no such thing as a free lunch, feats as an impedimenta to trade, and how the invisible hand directs barter forers and sellers toward activities that increase full general welfare. All three of these elements are essential for a greater understanding of how the economy thrives. In our market, resources are limited yet humans desire for goods and services is to a greater extent or less infinite.Because of this there is no such thing as a free lunch. The sacrifice most unremarkably thought of in receiving lunch is the pecuniary cost however there are other sacrifices as well. Productivity, which provides the money for that lunch, is a large sacrifice when we stop to take a lunch break as in this explanation. However, the main sacrifice to focus on is the cost that we pay for any good or service. This sacrifice is something both consumers and producers must face. To say that you did not pay for the lunch you received still does not make it free to you or the person who remunerative the bill. It simply shifts the cost, it does not reduce it.As consumers we are forever looking to get more than for less. Yet what we do not see so directly, is how the cost of any granted good influences us on what we choose to purchase. With out comparing the cost advantage of given products we as consumers would end up using the money we had intended for groceries perhaps on other items that are not of equal value. Therefore, if Sally goes out shopping with the intent of get only a few essential items that her daughter will need for the winter weather and does not consider the cost of what she is buying she could easily over spend and have to sacrifice at the grocer y store.Or maybe Sally will then not be able to heat her house powerfully. Both of these are examples of items that are more essential to Sally and her daughters well being than the brand name of her daughters clothing. This shows how by purchasing the more valuable clothes for her daughter Sally is no longer able to direct her resources as effectively as she could have had she perhaps taken her daughter to Goodwill and gotten clothes that are just as effective for less money. For producers the cost that most effects them is of the resources they use to make any given product.If a root mill produces only two types of paper type A and type B Then in order for the paper mill to produce 500 bundles of each type of paper the mill must accrue the cost of only being able to make 500 bundles of type A because they must also make 500 bundles of type B instead of 1000 of type A and no(prenominal) of type B. This also shows cost because 1000 bundles of type A is the cost of 0 bundles of t ype B. commerce is a voluntary exchange of goods of services however, trade cost the consumer and the producer.The producer must pay things alike(p) time effort, shipping, and negotiations in order to make the sale. These cost then get reflected on to the consumer in order to create a profit. Transaction cost are effected by several factors physical obstacles, lose or training, government taxing and regulations, and middle men. Physical obstacles such as rivers, mountains, and oceans all increase transaction cost because they increase the difficulty of getting the product from the shipping point to the destination. This give the sack be seen in the cost of nearly anything.If John orders a new muffler for his Toyota motor cycle and it has to be shipped from japan he will incur a much larger transaction cost than if he had order the part locally because that muffler must travel across the ocean and possibly some other land barriers. Lack of information is costly in the way of th e producer and consumer. If the producer of an anatomy reserve is looking to find a consumer they producer must spend valuable time looking for a consumer because they are unaware of where they might find the consumer.The same goes for the consumer who must look for a producer or other student who has the book he or she needs. This could also involve finding multiple sellers of the adjust book in order to compare price and get the most value for his or her dollar. This all takes time in which the producer and consumer could be doing more productive things therefore bringing in more income. As most people are well aware of the government increases transaction cost in varying ways including taxes, licensing requirements, price controls, tariffs, and quotas.Every time I go to the grocery store I passel look at my receipt and see where I was taxed. Some things only have a 2. 5% tax others have a 5% tax. This increases my cost of trade by the percentage of tax on every item I purchase in a given transaction. Government also increases transaction cost on other nations by enforcing tariffs in which a tax must be paid in order to import the goods shipped here to the U. S. Another example is in licensing. If I want to go fishing legally I must first buy a fishing license. Therefore I must pay in order to go and fish for the good of potentially catching my dinner.The last-place element of economics that will be covered is the invisible hand, how market prices direct buyers and sellers toward activities that promote general welfare. Every person is out for his or her own gain however, what he or she does not have is that the invisible hand or market prices promotes the goals of others which leads to greater riches for everyone. For producers the actions of the consumer allows them to know how to adjust to meet the begs of the consumer. It reflects information about a consumers preferences in regards to cost, timing, location and circumstances.For example if people are able to get preserve pumpkin all year at the super market but around thanksgiving the demand for canned pumpkin sky rockets in Louisiana then the producer can then key that they are able to raise the price of the pumpkin in Louisiana and because they raised the price they can also afford to supply more cans of pumpkin with out the fear of the canned pumpkin expiring on the shelf. For the consumer to buy a product the consumer must feel they are getting at least the monetary value of the good they are buying.Therefore, if the pumpkin is priced too high the consumer will reduce the amount that they buy causing spoilage and costing the producer. However, if the price is too low the producer will see a great increase is the purchase of the pumpkin because the consumer now thinks they are getting more for their money than before. This is how the invisible hand directs prices by showing when there is a surplus or paucity allowing for the market to self adjust to cross over clearin g where there is very little excess or shortage in the real world.

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button

After his mother dies magnanimous birth to him on the day of victory in World War I in 1918, gum benjamin is taken by his spawn, Thomas Button (Jason Flemyng), and deposited on the doorstep of a home for the elderly. That is fitting since the infant looks like an 80-year-old man with sagging skin, cataracts, and wrinkles all over is body. Queenie (Taraji P. Henson), an African-American attendant at the place, finds him. She immediately decides that nipper who is as ugly as an old pot is a child of God who must be cared for, no matter how difficult that may be.And so asa dulcis (Brad Pitt) the man-child explicates up in the armorial bearing of elders who share their stories with him and accept him as integrity of their own they are all outsiders in a outlandish where youth is worshipped and the elderly are viewed as obsolete. Benjamin starts out in a wheelchair and proves himself to be a great listener eitherone wants to tell him what theyve been through in life. A man with a unretentive memory points out over again and again that he was struck by lightening seven divers(prenominal) times. God keeps reminding me Im lucky to be alive. A wealthy woman who keeps to herself t to each onees him to play the piano. A gregarious visitor, an African bushman (Rampai Mohadi), takes a fancy to the man-boy and introduces him the joys of sex in a bordello. At the era of 12, Benjamin looks somewhat 70. He meets Daisy (Elle Fanning), the granddaughter of one of the residents at the home. They become instant friends and forge a bond which will last for a long time. In fact, Benjamins story is shown in flashbacks as Daisy lies near closings door in New siege of Orleans at the time of Katrina.As the winds howl outside, her 40-year-old daughter Caroline (Julia Ormond) reads to her from a diary filled with pictures and postcards about this strange man who played such a major role in her life. At age 17, Benjamin is a lot younger and stronger. He leaves New Orleans for life aboard a tug that is piloted by Mike (Jared Harris), a colorful character with tattoos and a love of liquor. He travels to many cities and in Murmansk encounters Elizabeth (Tilda Swinton), who is intrigued by his mysteriousness.Although married, she begins a brief affair with Benjamin and introduces him to the pleasures of caviar, night-time dialogue, and sex. Benjamin besides tastes the rush of adrenalin in war when he and the tugboat crew take on a Nazi U-boat that has hardly sunk a troop transport in World War II. Many of his shipmates are killed in the clash. Benjamin returns to New Orleans in 1945 and encounters his father, a rich entrepreneur who runs a button business. He is a lonely old man who is dying and wants to reconnect with the boy he ditched years ago.Instead of display anger or seeking revenge, Benjamin treats him with kindly compassion for he has come to realize that death is a tender moment that must be treated with respect and dignity. Daisy (Cate Bl anchett) is now a storied dancer in New York who stops by for a visit. She has read his postcards from around the world and quench feels they are soulmates. She tries to seduce him, but he is not ready for the changes that he sees in her. But after he inherits his fathers estate, he travels to New York to be with her.But now she is too caught up in the fun and excitement of her career and artist friends. There is more to their relationship as new twists and turns lick them in concert again as Benjamin grows younger and more handsome. The Curious trip of Benjamin Button is one of the best films of the year with its complex story, idiosyncratic characters, and treatment of the themes of love, time, aging, youth, change, death, and the impermanence of life. David Fincher directs this soulful movie with a howling(prenominal) attention to detail and pacing.The secret to the films powerful impact is the terrific screenplay by Eric Roth who wrote Forrest Gump, a 1994 movie that was a lso a picaresque tale about a strange outsider and his wild adventures. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is based on a short story by F. Scott Fitzgerald that has been substantially changed for the screen. other plus is the melodic and impressive music by Alexandre Desplat. What does Benjamin learn from his odd condition that makes him grow younger instead of older? What are the lessons of his adventures that take him around the world and back home again?At one point, he says You can change or stay the same. There are no rules to this thing. You can make the best or the worst of it. Benjamin always keeps an open mind and uses each encounter as an opportunity to soften his heart. He makes the best of bad situations and does not allow them to bring him down. He demonstrates an equanimity that enables him to handle failure and success, defeat and victory, with calm. One of his favorite mantras is You neer know whats overture for you. It is best to see everything as a mystery th at does not need to be solved or explained away.Just live in the present moment and savor what presents itself to you. A sense of wonder is a trademark of Benjamins personality. As a man-child in the home for the elderly, he listens to the house breathing. As a child-man he savors the start of the day looking out over the water just like his father did. Benjamin learns how to let go and not to cling to anyone Were meant to lose the people we love. How else will we know how much they meant to us? From start to finish, this character tries to be himself, accepting his flaws and celebrating his strengths as a human being Its never too late or too early to be whoever you want to be. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button reminds us that the best thing we can do is make the most of our journey and be thankful for the people we meet along the way. Its all gift. Benjamin embodies the zest for life described in one of our favorite quotations by Diane Ackerman The great affair, the love affair with life, is to live as variously as possible, to groom ones curiosity like a high-spirited thoroughbred, climb aboard, and gallop over the thick, sunstruck hills every day. . . It began as mystery, and it will end in mystery, but what a savage and beautiful country lies in between.

Prescriptive Grammar Essay

This lesson highlights the important fact that linguists describe the grammatical system of a phrase on the basis of what people very say, not what they should say. To a linguist, grammar consists of those verbalisms judged acceptable by a primaeval speakers intuitions. This is what it means to say that linguistics is descriptive and not normative. Linguistics is descriptive, not prescriptive. numerous people associate have it awaying a speech communication with speaking and writing it according to the grammatical rules effected for that expression in grammar books and dictionaries. The study of linguistic competence does not include the study of prescriptive standards that hold that one sentence rather than another is correct. Instead, linguists ar interested in what speakers of a language actu all in ally say and what they accept as possible in the language, regardless of whether the construction matches the grammar rules posited by the grammar police. This approach to grammar is descriptive rather than prescriptive. Descriptive grammar is what speakers say, and when, why and how they say it (and not whether they should or shouldnt say it.) Linguists concern themselves with discovering what speakers know rough a language and describing that knowledge objectively. They devise rules of descriptive grammar. For instance, a linguist describing English exponent formulate rules such as these 1.Some English speakers end a sentence with a preposition (Who do you extremity to speak to?)2.Some English speakers use double negatives for negation (I dont have nothing.) 3.Adjectives precede the nouns they modify (red book, slender guy) 4.To form the plural of a noun, add -s (1 room, 2 rooms 1 book, 2 books) 5.The vowel blend in the word suit is produced with rounded lips. Linguists dont make judgment calls as to whether the speakers should or shouldnt speak a certain way. Descriptive grammar, hence, is created by linguists as a model of speakers linguisti c competence. Prescriptive grammar is what speakers should or shouldnt say. When most people think of grammatical rules, they think of what linguists call rules of prescriptive grammar. Prescriptive rules tell you how to speak or write, according to someones idea of what is good or bad. Of course, there is nothing inherently good or bad about any use of language prescriptive rules serve only to mold your spoken and written language to some norm. Here are a few examples of prescriptive rules youcan probably think of others.1.The subject of a sentence must(prenominal) agree with the verb (The instructions are clear NOT The instructions is clear.) 2.Use much for count nouns. Use galore(postnominal) for non-count nouns (We dont have much coffee AND We dont have galore(postnominal) cups of coffee.) 3.Capitalize the number 1 letter of a sentence (The television is broken. It needs to be fixed.) 4.Use subject pronouns after the verb be (It was I who called you NOT It was me who called you.) 5.Use the definite article the before names of rivers and geographical areas but not before the names of lakes or continents (the Nile, the Middle East AND Lake Tahoe, Asia) Notice that the prescriptive rules make a value judgment about the correctness of an utterance. Descriptive rules, on the other hand, accept the patterns a speaker actually uses and try to cast for them.Descriptive rules allow for different varieties of a language they dont ignore a construction simply because some prescriptive grammarian doesnt like it. If linguistics is descriptive and not prescriptive, then why do we have prescriptive rules anyway? So, if prescriptive rules are not based on actual use, how did they arise? Many of these rules were actually invented by someone. During the 17th and 18th centuries, scholars became preoccupied with the art, ideas, and language of antiquated Greece and Rome. The classical period was regarded as a golden age and Latin as the perfect language. The judgment that Latin was somehow better or purer than contemporary languages was strengthened by the fact that Latin was by then strictly a written language and had long ceased to undergo the changes natural to spoken language.For many writers of the 17th and 18th centuries, the rules of Latin became, whenever remotely feasible, the rules of English. It is somewhat surprising that rules that do not reflect actual language use should survive. There are several reasons, however, for the continued existence of prescriptive rules. 1.Rules provide a standard form of a language that is accepted by most speakers of that language. Adherence to prescriptive rules allows a speaker to be understood by the greatest possible number of individuals. This is especially important for a language such as German, which has accents so different from one another that their speakers cannot always understand for each one other. 2.A set of standard rules is necessary for students learning English (or any other lang uage) as a certify language. Imagine the chaos if there were no guidelines for learning English(or Spanish, or Japanese, or Arabic, etc.) Thus, rules serve a very useful purpose for language teachers and learners as well.3.Most importantly, there are social reasons for prescriptive rules. unacceptable dialects are still frowned upon by many groups and can inhibit ones progress in society. The existence of prescriptive rules allows a speaker of a nonstandard dialect to learn the rules of the standard dialect and employ them in appropriate social circumstances. Therefore, prescriptive rules are used as an aid in social mobility. This does not mean, however, that these judgments about dialects are linguistically valid. The idea that one dialect of a language is intrinsically better than another is simply false. From a strictly linguistic point of view all dialects are equally good and equally valid. To look down on nonstandard dialects is to exercise a form of social and linguistic p rejudice. Well learn more about language and identity in our undermentioned module.According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, the term dates from 1706 and is defined as a person who adheres strictly and often excessively to a tradition, especially one preoccupied with the purity of a language and its protection from the use of outside(prenominal) or altered forms. A purist is one who desires that an item remain true to its essence and free from debase or diluting influences.

Is America prepared for another terrorist attack?

terrorist act is one of the disasters feargond all all over the world. America particularly is most prone to a terrorist sharpshoot than both other nation. The authorities has tried to come up with several measures to ensure they atomic number 18 ready and inclined(p) to counter any terrorist onslaught that may occur, especially after the unexpect 2001 September 11th attack. However, eighter from Decatur years later, America is still non fully prepared incase of another attack. This term writing addresses the issue of the set of America in dealing with or pr gisting terrorist attacks.Is America prepared for another terrorist attack? Introduction The threat of terrorist stillts involving weapons of citizenry destruction is real. The September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the World Trade centre and the Pentagon changed the United States forever, ushering in a host of latefound and unprecedented realities for the Ameri rat people, for the intelligence and national gua rantor communities, for checkup examination personnel, for private protective covering entities, and perhaps especially for the practice of law, fire, and emergency medical personnel.In particular, law, fire and emergency medical service personnel, the agencies and individuals most likely to be the set-back gear doers to possible terrorist attacks, faced compelling demands to adopt new strategies and tactics, to undertake new formulation, and to view their roles and their feat in an entirely different way. This term paper aims at finding out whether the Ameri bottom of the inning government has prepared enough to counter another terrorist attack without experiencing the problems encountered in 2001. The police, fire and emergency medical personnelAs first sufficeers, police, fire, and emergency medical service personnel are our first line of defense in case of a terrorist attack, barely the enormity and complexity of the challenges that they face makes it extravagantly c lear that they alone cannot bear the accountability for ensuring our synthetic rubber. Although first responders play an absolute life-sustaining role in homeland security and domestic preparedness, and although a great deal of attention and resources have already been foc usaged on them to counter the terrorist threat, much more needs to be done.Perhaps most important, realistic potential that American people, towns, and cities may again come under attack from terrorist demands that significant system changes occur throughout the course of public agencies and private entities charged with the responsibility of ensuring public safety. For the American government to be fully prepared, it mustiness develop and put on a broader, more coordinated, more cohesive, and more focused approach to terrorism and to weapons of toilet destruction and that approach must involve new relationships between and among all of these public agencies and private entities.(Roberts, 2005) The police and the emergency workers who might be called on to respond initially to a nuclear, biological, or chemical event are not adequately trained to deal effectively with those events. This is not to say that most police and emergency workers lack any training in this area. It means that they lack the super specific training and special expertise required to recognize and deal with umteen of the complex and unique threats pose by such(prenominal) events. At present, many also lack the special tools, gear, and protective equipment these events may require.Patrol officers, firefighters, and emergency medical service personnel who initially respond to an event involving weapons of mass destruction should not be expected to undertake the specific duties and responsibilities that are break dance performed by well-equipped and more highly trained specialists. (Lustick, 2006) Since they lack the requirement equipments to deal with the crisis, their primary role should be to recognize the t hreat, to minify additional exposure to chemical or biological agents, to ensure safety of victims, to safeguard the scene, and to report their findings to those more competent to deal with these issues.Another primary responsibility is to minimize their own contact with the chemical of biological agent and to provide as much instruction as possible to ensure the safety and the effectiveness of other responding units. First responders who rush in to a weapons of mass destruction event not only risk death or serious injuries from secondhand devices that may have been placed at or near the scene precisely to disable or kill rescuers, but they may also become a significant liability to other victims as well as to other responders if they become contaminated or injured themselves.Such first responders who rush in and become victims may exacerbate the overall problem, consuming precious time and resources. (Mandaville, 2009) Developing capacity to interrupt terrorist attacks Surveill ance, physical barriers, and advanced technology have played a braggy role in the security improvement efforts explored by most communities since the September 11th terrorist attack. For example, security cameras are keeping watch over banks, embassies, schools, and a variety of other buildings as well as traffic intersections, shopping centers, parks and many other public gathering spaces.The striking image of London subway bombers captured by the cities extensive pitiable picture management system and a raising sense that corresponding attacks could happen in the United States are renewing interest in expanding police camera of public places. The London bombings showcased the capabilities of digital video surveillance system when ,after July 7 and July 21, 2005, attacks, authorities quickly produced relatively high resolution images of the suspected bombers that benefited fast moving investigators.However, critics said that the London attacks also highlighted the limitations of camera surveillance they did not prevent terrorist bombings in the heart of the city. (Forest, 2006) Still, even with suicide bombers, camera surveillance can help with the hunt for the terrorist cells that provide them with crucial logistical support. emergent technologies offer even greater promise. In 2006, Chicago installed gunshot detection equipment on cameras to automatically festal authorities and point the camera in the direction of the sound.Also, New Jersey Transit has a pilot light project in one station that uses computer analysis of video to alert authorities of comic behavior, such as someone leaving a package behind. Authorities are also experimenting with facial nerve recognition software, though existing versions are of limited use in scanning crowds for suspected terrorists. In San Francisco, the mayors have been noted advocates for expanding the citys surveillance camera program. (Alexandrov, 1996)Another example of preparedness for a terrorist attack is by the Long Beach Airport in southern Los Angeles County, which has developed a plan to implement a sophisticated wireless video surveillance chopine. The airport, an alternative to Los Angeles International Airport hosts major Airlines such as Alaska Airlines, America West Airlines and Jet Blue Airways. The new wireless surveillance systems purpose is to enable three separate Long Beach Airport security operation centers to at the same time monitor distant sites, including secured airport areas, public parking lots, and road way tunnels.This system provides a genius wireless solution for viewing, storing and managing real-time video from more than 100 cameras, becoming one of the rattling first wireless surveillance systems to be installed at any airport in the United States. With this integrity, security program personnel at three locations in Long Beach (the Command and Control Centre, the Security trading operations Centre, and the Security Safety Office) will be able to mo nitor learning while viewing give-up the ghost video feeds at the same time from the same computer. (Fawdah etal, 2003)Video surveillance has also become a prominent feature of the nations passenger railways. For example, the Washington D. C. , Metro system has partnered with the surgical incision of mother dry land Security, Department of Transportation, and the Department of Justice to develop the Program for Response Options and Technology Enhancements for Chemical or Biological terrorism (PROTECT). PROTECT combines a closed-circuit television (CCTV) system, an operations control centre, and advanced sectors to alert authorities if a terrorist releases a chemical or a biological agent on a subway platform or in a train.Preparing Americans Psychologists are beginning to have a stronger appreciation of the fact that humans are extremely resilient, even in times of crisis. Accordingly, the American government should also try to foster the quality of resilience in its citizens. More recent work has considered how this concept has relevance, not just for adults, but also for communities, particularly in the wake of a disaster it is argued that community resilience can be nurtured through readiness, response and recovery phases of a disaster.So, for instance, by minimizing the subject fear of terrorism, the American government can empower its citizens to exert a greater level of confidence in their respective communities abilities to anticipate and respond to security threats. Ultimately, in doing so, one of the most potent weapons that terrorists possess -fear- may be squashed. (Rowitz 2005) Its also critical not to install fear in individuals when preparing for disaster, since such individuals generally ignore such messages additionally, fear arousing information is particularly helpful when followed by practical suggestions as how to address given concerns.Some have argued that the Department of Homeland Security, along with its affiliated Web site(www. ready. gov) has failed to appropriately address individuals fears and the ways to nurture resilience by devising extreme and often erroneous suggestions (e. g. , encouraging individuals to have a supply of antibiotics on hand) while not addressing events that have a greater likelihood of promoting panic (e. g. , how to get trampled in a crowd should a dirty bomb attack occur). (Ursano, etal 2003) Analysis at that place is no further need to speculate as to how the American government would likely respond to a terrorist attack, such as the 2001 terrorist attack. It is evident that significant work remains in order to secure the American Homeland incase of an attack or when disaster strikes. The occurrence of Hurricane Katrina was a good indicator of Americas preparedness. By the end of four days or so after Katrina struck, National Guardsmen and supplies started to pour into the city. Most, but not all, residents had been evacuated out of New Orleans and left with very uncertain fut ures.The rescuers were met unprepared, which led to delays in rescuing the victims. Katrina dramatically revealed the incredible degree to which we are still unable to respond and proactively anticipate disasters. However, that there have been, are, and will likely always be large gaps in defend the American homeland should not be surprising. In a country as geographically gigantic as the United states, American needs to appreciate that regardless of whether politicians may promise-every square inch of this country can not be guarded or protected at all times.Whether in a mall, on a train, at a school or in the work place, most of us are probably well aware that if someone is intent on carrying out a physical harm to others, there is a good probability that such an event will occur. Sadly, there are many instances of deadly violence that have occurred at all of the above locations and others, such as the shooting, rampage that took place in 1993 on the Long Island Railroad or the 1999 Columbine High School Massacre. There is also a difference between acts executed by one by one or two troubled individuals versus those committed by an organized group of individuals such as al theme members.While we can fully eradicate the risk of single terrorists, we can certainly do more to minimize the risk posed by terrorists groups, although this risk too can never be completely eliminated. determination The new realities of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction demand a new set of policies, practices and relationships among and between a host of entities and institutions charged with the responsibility to ensure public safety. The government still has a lot of work to do in readiness of effective response should another terrorist attack occur.As learnt from the experiences and lessons of the September 11th attacks on the world Trade Centre and the Pentagon, police, fire, and emergency medical services face unprecedented challenges in the future, and similar chall enges confront virtually every institution in the United States. As seen in this paper, there are a lot of issues, problems and threats posed by the specter of terrorism and terrorists use of weapons of mass destruction. This calls for the need for highly coordinated response and recovery planning that integrates resources, skills, personnel, and capabilities of a range of public sector organizations.No plan can pretend to be perfect, there are simply too many unforeseen issues and exigencies that arise in specific events, and the planning must therefore be crafted for flexibility and adaptability. This involves nothing less than a new midst that accepts, accounts for, and takes up the challenges posed by the realities of our world. Recent studies reveal the extent and the dimension of the threat posed by weapons of mass destruction, their availability to terrorists and extremist groups, and the massive casualties that can inflict on public safety personnel and members of the public .These threats are not likely to subside, and in fact may increase. (Ackerman 2007). There is a printing press need for more and better training for the first responders to such events so that they can recognize events involving weapons of mass destructions and so that they can operate safely to minimize deaths, injuries, and damage. Similarly, theres need for more and better equipment to help rescuers achieve their goals. This calls for a new mindset among emergency workers, and a mindset for of safety and preparedness that infiltrates all their duties and activities.In addition to anticipating and preventing terrorism, Americans need to have a better understanding of the root causes of terrorism. We should not exempt or condone the actions of terrorists. It is also naive logic to presume that terrorists are simply evil individuals and that cleanup spot such people will end the security concerns. Individuals such as al Qaeda leadership Osama bin Laden, Ayman Al-Zawahiri, and Ab u Musab al-Zarqawi absolutely need to be captured or killed. References 1) Forest James J. F. (2006). Homeland Security worldly concern spaces and social institutions.Greenwood Publishing Group 2) Roberts Albert R. 3rd edition. (2005). Crisis intervention handbook assessment, treatment, and research. Oxford University contend US pg 189-198 3) Rowitz Louis (2005). Public health for the 21st century the prepared leader. Jones & Bartlett Publishers pg 80-90 4) Lustick Ian (2006). Trapped in the war on terror. University of Pennsylvania Press pg 8 5) Ackerman Bruce A. (2007). Before the Next Attack Preserving Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism. Yale University Press pg 114-116 6) Mandaville Michael(2009).Citizen-Soldier Handbook ci Ways Every American Can Fight Terrorism. Dog Ear Publishing, 2009 pg 89-95 7) Fawdah Yusri, Fielding Nick. (2003) Masterminds of terror the virtue behind the most devastating terrorist attack the world has ever seen. Arcade Publishing pg 201 8) Alexa ndrov Stanimir A. (1996). Self-defense against the use of force in international law Martinus Nijhoff Publishers pg 181-183 9) Ursano Robert J. , Fullerton Carol S. , Norwood Ann E. (2003). Terrorism and disaster individual and community genial health interventions. Cambridge University Press pg 287

The British Culture

slew readyation mostly identify themselves as diverge of a larger finish, which means that they h elderly many of the homogeneous values and be roostfs as those around them. But they might not be aw atomic number 18 of be pop of unity or much sub socialisations. These exist within the larger culture moreover be label by differences. A subculture is a group of batch who be split up of a larger culture, but who separate themselves by their knowledge unique beliefs and behaviours. In the 1950s David Riesman, a unite States sociologist, distinguished surrounded by the absolute majority that passively accepted the styles, standards and meanings move overn to them and a minority.This subculture sought its own meanings of things, interpreting them in what Riesman calls revolutionary values. Culture sociologist Sarah Thornton believes that subcultures raise their status through their subculture so as to differentiate themselves from other(a) groups. Ken Gelder sta tes that subcultures are real social, sharing conventions, values and rituals with those in their subculture even if they do not share those values with the dandyer culture, in the following research we will see all the different British subcultures which make the join Kingdom one of the richest cultures in the world..The England culture It sometimes becomes difficult to separate the culture of England from the make up ones minds of the culture of the United Kingdom. England Culture has come along way and has substantial over several millennia, to recent front ends such(prenominal) as Brit Art and now encompasses a variety of forms which include photography, painting, sculpture and performance art. Cuisines of England besides influence the England culture to a great extent. The urbanized workers of England were in many cases cut off from regional fare traditions as the country was the first industrialized country of the world.More recently, a new style of formulation called Modern British has emerged that combines tralatitious British ingredients with foreign culinary influences. side folklore that has evolved in England over a number of centuries is yet another aspect that influences the Culture of England. England thrives with folklore in all forms such as the traditional semi-mystical Arthurian legends and semi-historical Robin Hood tales, to contemporary urban myths and facets of crypto zoology. Culture of England is lame till we include the heritage of the country as it is massively affected and influenced by it.Also you nominate read about archives of the Culinary Arts.In recent courses, Stonehenge has become a focus for modern summer solstice celebrations. Though the Stonehenge pre-dates the macrocosm of England as a nation, it is believed by many English citizenry to hold an iconic place in the culture of England. English literature has been make rich by the notable works by the fashionable writer of the past like William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy and many more. Just like literature, English medicinal drug has been instrumental in influencing the England Culture to a large extent. Talking about food, there are hardly a(prenominal) food-related taboos in England.Some of the English avoid some foods for so-called hygienic reasons, such as onions and leeks, which can cause bad breath. There are also some types of foods that are considered uncivilized. Traditionally, the people of England have never eaten horses, dogs and other carnivores or insects. Slowly, the eating of meat is come alonged on as uncivilized. As go of the shift onward from meat toward fruit, vegetables, and fish, people have become more distanced from the production of the meat they eat and less ordain to eat as wide a variety of meats.The Scottish culture The Culture of Scotland will give you a glimpse of the rich historical past of the country. Scotland is a nation which is well positioned in the northwestward part of Euro pe. Scotland also beautifully shares a border with England. It is bordered by the Irish Sea and the newton Channel to the southwest, the North Sea lies to the east while the north and west part of Scotland is bordered by Atlantic Ocean. The Culture of Scotland is influenced by the residents of the Scottish Highlands who basically belong to the Celtic descent.To the Southern part of Scotland, the residents are Scots with little bit of Nordic and Anglo-Saxon influence. The people of Scotland have a love for learning. If we look at the history of Scotland it is found that their history is full of educated persons who acquired university educations. In the beginning of the 20th century, Andrew Carnegie who was the Scottish-born American industrialist made education easy. In the Culture at Scotland, we can find the celebrations of Hogmanay, which is basically the celebration of to chump the beginning of New Year.In the Culture of Scotland, there is the tradition of taking out Torchligh t Parade in Edinburgh. People take part in the Torchlight Parade which is held on the 29th December on severally and every year. The people taking part in this parade carry wax torches and walk on foot through the popular streets of the city. The Hogmanay street party organized on New Years eve last for three nights. We can also find the celebrations of Christmas like that of any other European countries. People take part in Christmas celebrations with great pomp and glory.During this period people go to churches and arrange gala affair lunch and dinner parties for ones friends and relatives. There is also many Scottish celebrations, one of them is the Burning of the Clavie which celebrates the New Year, old style, which falls on 11 January (unless 11 January is a Sunday, in which case the celebration is held on 10 January). The Clavie is a half-cask, mounted securely on a pole, and filled with staves of wood and inflammable liquid. If we are enkindle in the Scottish food, the r egion has a very distinctive cuisine that is usually based on traditional foods.Food of Scotland mainly comprises of the Scottish foods. Food of Scotland is really mouth-watering which will positively satisfy your appetite. Some of the popular traditional Food of Scotland that you can try out while on a tour to Scotland is -Scottish Beef The beef oxen belonging to Aberdeen Angus breed reared in Scotland. Steaks made from these cattle beefs are really very tasty. Bannocks or Oatcakes This dish is an oat flour biscuit that is baked on a griddle. Nowadays people usually prefer to sample bannocks with cheese.The culture of Wales The nation of Wales is a major part of United Kingdom but the Culture of Wales is quite distinct from the rest of England. The nation of Wales is known to write its own distinguishing culture, language, art and harmony. The subject field emblem of Wales includes leek and daffodil. The chisel Dragon is a significant part of the Culture of Wales. The country of Wales is extended 274 kilometers in the north to south and about 97 kilometers east to west. The easterly side of the country of Wales is bordered by England, the southern side is covered by the Mor Hafren or the Bristol Channel, the westbound side has St. Georges Channel and the northern side has the Irish Sea. The total area of the coastline is over 1,200 kilometers and includes several islands that lie off the welch mainland. The Welsh culture exhibits the true essence of the region and tourists are introduced to the colorful and spirited cultural heritage of the nation. Gradually with the change in times a modern outlook developed among the Welsh and thus a different meaning was attached to the Culture of Wales. Cultural Tours of Wales provide you an judgment of the religion, humanistic discipline and crafts of the region as well as the language.Religion, music and sport are among the indispensable part of the Cultural Heritage of Wales. Basket making, candle making and k nitting are among the popular arts and crafts of Wales. Wales is famous for music and poetry and Culture of Wales has a great affinity to the intimately well-known musical plan of Wales. Wales has a long tradition of folk song and has a long history of the instrumental tradition. The most widely practiced religion in Wales is Christianity and include to the diverse Culture of Wales.Culture of the performing arts in the Swansea provides you great source of entertainment. fete of Music and the Arts plays an important part in promoting Wales Tourism. The Festival of Music and Art brings a great cultural gathering. Culture of Wales is presented mainly at the Swansea, Pembroke, Llandeilo, Narberth and Tenby. These places are perfective tense for the regions deep-rooted cultural aspect that includes arts and craft and musical performances. When it comes to entertainment, the country of Wales posses a rich culture and history and the people here enjoy lots of feasts.Festivals and Even ts in Wales are celebrated throughout the year the festival of Eisteddfodau for example, known as cultural gathering, is one of the major Wales Festivals and Events. The biggest celebration is the Royal National Eisteddfodd of Wales, which is generally held in the early period of the month of August. There is another version of this festival of International Eisteddfod festival that is held every year in the month of July. The festival of Eisteddfod is a cultural competition that has its root in the ancient times. This festival celebrates the victory of the British from the Norman invasion.Among the other Festivals and Events in Wales, one is the Royal Welsh Agricultural Show. This festival is held in July and in these festivals there is a wonderful exhibition of several salient(ip) agricultural products that have their own beauty and are unique. You can also enjoy a innkeeper of oddball events throughout the year. The city of Brecon is known for its jazz festival and the fine foo d festival of Abergavenny is also very popular. The Irish culture Ireland is rich in history and has also been the home to many keen writers including the likes of Oscar Wilde.Ireland has made a large contribution in literature and the very traditional folk music combined with the beautiful steps of the Irish dance all reflect the rich culture of Ireland. The people of Ireland are known to be very hospitable and friendly in nature. Having a family keep is considered of great importance in Ireland. The traditional ways of the Irish culture can be seen in the sylvan areas of Ireland. Here, a lot of traditional customs are followed which is quite a contrast to the modern life that is led in the urbane areas of Ireland. Ireland also has a large number of people who own their own palatial residencies.The modern Irish culture follows a more open method of communication amid the Irish people. The Irish believe in displaying their affection rather than curbing the same. English still s tay to be the most spoken language today. The native dialect can be found in some of the rural areas of Ireland. The Irish language was introduced by the Celts and many senior citizens can be found speaking in the traditional Irish language. The homes in Ireland still follow the same rule and are built in a similar fashion, as was the pattern of the olden days. Bright and cheerful colorise can be seen splashed on the walls of most homes with colorful doors.Homes of Ireland are generally terrace houses with the cardinal heating system having replaced the traditional fireplace. Although there is no official religion for Ireland, special consideration has been addicted to the Catholic Church. One can see the Roman Catholics, Methodists, Jewish, Presbyterianism and even a small percentage of other religions such as Islam existing in Ireland. Talking about food, Stories related to the old Irish culture have the mention of honey be widely used especially to make mead. Meat was widely eaten along with poultry products. The potato formed a major part of the food in Ireland amongst the repulse class.Today, the food habits have influences from all over the world. Although meat has always been the main item in Irish food, fast food has also taken over. New Irish dishes are being churned out to fend for some healthy eating habits amongst the Irish people these focus mainly on fresh vegetables. The British norms & values Norms are defined as specific but tacit standards of what is socially and individually delightful values as explicit but general statements of principle, of which the content is continually ever-changing through changing norms, changing circumstances, changing policies and the accompanying ethical debate.The relation of norms, values and policies is shown by an historical example. The inherent troth within both norms and values is discussed and the role of the policymaker is defined, both as an artist in conceiving and devising one among many possi ble but always partial realizations of contemporary norms and values, and as a partially sure agent in reshaping the norms and values of his time. The psychological implications of this are briefly indicated.Britishness is the state or quality of being British, and is used to refer to what binds and distinguishes the British people and forms the basis of their unity and identity, or else to explain expressions of British culture, such as habits, behaviours or symbols that have a common, familiar or iconic quality readily specifiable with the United Kingdom. Dialogue about the legitimacy and authenticity of Britishness is intrinsically tied with power relations and government activity in terms of nationhood and belonging, expressing or recognising ones Britishness provokes range of responses and attitudes, such as advocacy, indifference or rejection.In the sixteenth and 17th centuries most people in this island lived in small village communities. They knew all their neighbours. Th ey dressed alike, and closely all of them were white. The vast majority belonged to the same religion, and spoke much the same language. And, at regular intervals, these very similar people, possessed of very similar values, would cheerfully go and watch some of their number being burnt alive at the stake, or slaughtered with swords, because they were deemed to possess the wrong brand of Christianity.As this suggests, promoting common British values, even assuming that we knew what these were, is never going to be enough to prevent some stray, ardent individuals in our midst from wanting on occasions to kill their neighbours on Gods behalf. Acts of violence against ones own countrymen that are legitimated by religion are emphatically not new. Nor have such acts ever been unique to Islam. historically in this country, as in most other countries religion has often proved a more consistently lethal and divisive force than any secular ideology.It has also often been a more divisive force than race. Yet, in recent decades, pundits and politicians have devoted far more time to torment about racial divisions in British society, than they have to thinking imaginatively about the consequences of our new apparitional pluralism. This, despite the fact that, since 1945, Britain, like other European states, has entered uncharted territory as far as religion is concerned. Before the Second World War, most Britons were at least nominally Protestant.Now, all the worlds religions are represented here. It is a great experiment. But it comes accompanied with new risks, tensions and uncertainties. Gordon Brown, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, made a speech in 2006 to promote Britishness. Browns speech to the Fabian Societys Britishness ( British intellectual socialist movement ), Conference proposed that British values demand a new constitutional settlement and symbols to represent a modern patriotism, including a new youth community service scheme and a British D ay to celebrate.In 2007, the majority of people in many non-white ethnic groups living in Great Britain described their national identity as British, English, Scottish or Welsh. This included almost nine in ten (87%) of people with mixed heritage, 85% of Black Caribbeans, and 80% of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. Non-whites were more likely to describe themselves as British than whites. third gear of people from the White British group described themselves as British some respondents opted to call themselves English, Welsh or Scottish. 19 A subscribe to conducted for the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) in 2005 found that, in England, the majority of ethnic minority participants identified primarily as British, whereas white English participants identified as English first and British second.In Wales and Scotland, the majority of both white and ethnic minority participants identified as Welsh or Scottish first and British second, although they saw no incompatibility between the two identities. 20 Other research conducted for the CRE found that white participants felt that there was a threat to Britishness from large-scale immigration, the unfair claims that they perceive ethnic minorities made on the welfare state, a rise in moral pluralism and perceived governmental correctness. Much of this frustration was found to be targeted at Muslims rather than minorities in general. Muslim participants in the study reported feeling victimised and stated that they felt that they were being asked to choose between Muslim and British identities, whereas they saw it possible to be both at the same time.